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Bacterial Contaminants of Nigerian Currency Notes and Associated Risk Factors

机译：尼日利亚纸币中的细菌污染物及相关的危险因素

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The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial contaminants in Nigerian currency notes that are in circulation in Northern Nigeria and associated risk factors. A total of 160 different Naira notes in circulation were randomly sampled for bacterial isolation. About 250 structured questionnaires were also issued to the public and 20 restaurants were randomly visited with the view of identifying possible risk factors associated with Naira note contamination. The genera of bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus sp. (22.5%), Escherichia coli (12.5%), Pseudomonas sp. (6.25%), Klebsiella sp. (5%), Streptococcus sp. (3.75%) and Proteus sp. (2.5%). The 100 and 20 notes were more contaminated while 50 and 5 notes did note yield any bacterial contaminant. The result also showed that 33.8% of the paper notes were contaminated as compared with 18.8% of the polymer notes (p<0.05). The questionnaire survey showed a high preference to the polymer notes (58.5%) as compared with 13% of the paper notes (p<0.05). About 87.8% of the respondents use either wallets or purses to keep their money while 80.5% were of the opinion that the Naira gets abused and subsequently contaminated through spraying and subsequent trampling upon during ceremonies, use of saliva or unclean water to wet the fingers while counting money during business transactions were possible risk factors in Naira contamination. Among the restaurants visited, 45% do not have standard cashiers that handle money matters alone. It was concluded that the Naira notes in circulation in Northern Nigeria may serve as a vehicle for the transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and poor money-handling culture contributes to transmission of these microorganisms. Hygienic handling of money is therefore stressed.
机译：该研究的目的是确定尼日利亚北部流通的尼日利亚纸币中细菌污染物的流行程度以及相关的风险因素。随机抽取总共160种不同的奈拉笔记进行细菌分离。还向公众发布了约250份结构化问卷，并随机访问了20家餐馆，以查明与奈拉钞票污染有关的可能风险因素。分离的细菌属包括葡萄球菌。 （22.5％），大肠杆菌（12.5％），假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp。） （6.25％），克雷伯菌属。 （5％），链球菌。 （3.75％）和Proteus sp。 （2.5％）。 100和20个钞票的污染程度更高，而50和5个钞票的确污染了细菌。结果还表明，与纸质聚合物笔记中的18.8％相比，有33.8％的纸张笔记中有污染（p <0.05）。问卷调查显示，与13％的纸质笔记相比，聚合物笔记具有较高的偏爱性（58.5％）（p <0.05）。约有87.8％的受访者使用钱包或皮夹来保存钱财，而80.5％的受访者认为Naira被滥用，随后在庆典期间通过喷洒和随后踩踏，使用唾液或不干净的水弄湿手指而受到污染。在商业交易中数钱是奈拉污染的可能风险因素。在所访问的餐馆中，有45％的餐馆没有标准的收银员独自处理货币事务。结论是，奈拉钞票在尼日利亚北部流通，可能是传播潜在病原微生物的媒介，不良的理财文化也导致这些微生物的传播。因此，强调对金钱的卫生处理。

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