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Globalization and Religion in Historical Perspective: A Paradoxical Relationship

机译：历史视野下的全球化与宗教：一种自相矛盾的关系

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Religion has long been a driving force in the process of globalization. This idea is not controversial or novel thinking, nor is it meant to be. However, the dominant reasoning on the subject of globalization, expressed by authors like Thomas Friedman, places economics at the center of analysis, skewing focus from the ideational factors at work in this process. By expanding the definition of globalization to accommodate ideational factors and cultural exchange, religion’s agency in the process can be enabled. Interestingly, the story of religion and globalization is in some ways the history of globalization, but it is riddled with paradoxes, including the agent-opponent paradox, the subject of this article. Religion and globalization have a co-constitutive relationship, but religious actors are both agents of globalization and principals in its backlash. While some actors might benefit from a mutually reinforcing relationship with globalization, others are marginalized in some way or another, so it is necessary to expose the links and wedges that allow for such a paradox. To that end, the concepts of globalization and religious actors must be defined, and the history of the agent-opponent paradox, from the Buddhists of the Silk Road to the Jubilee campaign of 2000, must be elucidated.
机译：长期以来，宗教一直是全球化进程中的动力。这个想法不是有争议的或新颖的想法，也不是。但是，托马斯·弗里德曼（Thomas Friedman）等作家所表达的关于全球化主题的主导推理将经济学置于分析的中心，从而使人们对这一过程中起作用的概念性因素产生了偏见。通过扩展全球化的定义以适应思想因素和文化交流，可以在此过程中促进宗教的代理。有趣的是，宗教和全球化的故事在某种程度上是全球化的历史，但它充满了悖论，其中包括本文所讨论的代理人对立悖论。宗教与全球化有着共存的关系，但宗教参与者既是全球化的推动者，也是全球化的主体。尽管某些行为者可能会从与全球化的相互加强的关系中受益，但其他行为者却以某种或其他方式被边缘化，因此有必要揭露造成这种悖论的联系和障碍。为此，必须定义全球化和宗教行为者的概念，并且必须阐明从丝绸之路的佛教徒到2000年禧年战役，反对代理人的悖论的历史。

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