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Over Exploitation of Groundwater in the Centre of Amman Zarqa Basin—Jordan: Evaluation of Well Data and GRACE Satellite Observations

机译：约旦安曼扎卡盆地中心地区地下水的过度开采：油井数据评估和GRACE卫星观测

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摘要

Jordan faces a sincere water crisis. Groundwater is the major water resource in Jordan and most of the ground water systems are already exploited beyond their estimated safe yield. The Amman Zarqa Basin is one of the most important groundwater systems in Jordan, which supplies the three largest cities in Jordan with drinking and irrigation water. Based on new data the groundwater drawdown in the Amman Zarqa Basin is studied. This basin is the most used drainage area in Jordan. Groundwater drawdown in eight central representative monitoring wells is outlined. Based on almost continuous data for the last 15 years (2000–2015) an average drawdown for the whole basin in the order of 1.1 m·a−1 is calculated. This result is in accordance with results of previous studies in other areas in Jordan and shows that, until now, no sustainable water management is applied. Groundwater management in such a basin presents a challenge for water managers and experts. The applicability of satellite data for estimating large-scale groundwater over exploitation, such as gravity products of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, along with supplementary data, is discussed. Although the size of the basin is below the minimum resolution of GRACE, the data generally support the measured drawdown.
机译：约旦面临真诚的水危机。地下水是约旦的主要水资源，大多数地下水系统已被开采，超出了其估计的安全产量。安曼扎卡盆地是约旦最重要的地下水系统之一，为约旦的三个最大城市提供饮用水和灌溉水。根据新数据，对安曼扎卡盆地的地下水位进行了研究。该流域是约旦最常用的流域。概述了八个中央代表性监测井中的地下水汲水量。根据过去15年（2000-2015年）几乎连续的数据，计算出整个盆地的平均降水量约为1.1 m·a -1 。该结果与约旦其他地区以前的研究结果一致，表明迄今为止，尚未应用可持续的水资源管理。这种流域的地下水管理给水管理者和专家带来了挑战。讨论了卫星数据用于估算大规模开采量超过开采量的地下水的适用性，例如重力恢复和气候实验（GRACE）任务的重力产物，以及补充数据。尽管盆地的大小低于GRACE的最小分辨率，但数据通常支持测得的水位下降。

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