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Oil Resource as a Major Source of Insecurity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

机译：石油资源是尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲动荡的主要根源

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Resource conflict in the Niger Delta of Nigeria has become hydra-headed despite the amnesty granted by the Federal Government in 2009. Historically, the discovery of oil in commercial quantity and its exploitation rather than become a blessing to the local communities have become a source of worry, tension, and contestation over resource control, environmental degradation, and minority marginalization. The government and multi-national companies exploring the oil resource are pitched against the minority oil communities. While the minority oil communities see oil as God’s gift for their benefit, the Nigerian state sees it as a gift to the geo-political entity called Nigeria. These different perspectives have engendered low and high intensity conflicts with the state using state-centric security strategies to suppress rebellion or opposition to oil exploitation. In view of this state centric approach to security problems in the Niger Delta, this paper examines the various asymmetric methods used by the militants to counter government’s state centric measures. It is revealed that militants use sabotage, vandalism, kidnapping, oil-bunkering, hostage taking, killings, assaults and disruption of oil business as asymmetric methods. While these asymmetric methods have forced government to put in palliative measures, it is discovered that Niger Delta still remains largely militarized. It is, thus, argued in this paper that only proper legislation on resource management in a democratic setting can solve the problem of resource conflict and insecurity in the area. It is suggested that the New Petroleum Industry Bill should be given accelerated hearing by the legislators to enhance local communities’ participation in oil business in Nigeria. Government also needs to develop Niger Delta area and address environmental challenges. Keywords: Niger delta, Oil resource, Asymmetric method, Resource management, State-centric security
机译：尽管联邦政府于2009年给予特赦，但尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲的资源冲突已成为水灾的重灾区。从历史上看，以商业数量发现石油并对其进行开采，而不是成为当地社区的福祉，已成为其来源。对资源控制，环境恶化和少数群体边缘化的担忧，紧张和争论。勘探石油资源的政府和跨国公司与少数石油社区竞争。虽然少数石油社区将石油视为上帝为他们的利益的礼物，但尼日利亚国家却将其视为对名为尼日利亚的地缘政治实体的礼物。这些不同的观点使用以国家为中心的安全策略来抑制与石油开采的叛乱或反对，从而引发了与国家之间的高低冲突。鉴于这种以国家为中心的方法来解决尼日尔三角洲的安全问题，本文研究了武装分子用来对抗政府以国家为中心的措施的各种不对称方法。据透露，武装分子利用破坏，破坏，绑架，石油掩体，劫持人质，杀人，殴打和破坏石油业务作为不对称方法。尽管这些不对称的方法迫使政府采取姑息措施，但人们发现尼日尔三角洲仍然在很大程度上军事化。因此，本文认为，只有在民主环境下制定适当的资源管理立法才能解决该地区的资源冲突和不安全问题。建议立法者尽快听取《新石油工业法案》的意见，以加强当地社区对尼日利亚石油业务的参与。政府还需要发展尼日尔三角洲地区并应对环境挑战。关键词：尼日尔三角洲，石油资源，非对称方法，资源管理，以国家为中心的安全

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