Introduction: medical management of sports training implies the measurement of hematological parameters, red cell indices, reticulocyte count and biochemical controls to care for the athletes´ health condition and to obtain higher sports scores. Objective: to analyze the behavior of the variables in hematological studies of athletes who participated in the presets Pan American Games Guadalajara 2011. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a universe of 804 high-performance athletes from national teams, who were training to participate in the Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, 2011. Hematological profile was performed as part of the biological passport established for this type of competition. Additionally, a hemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out in 328 of them. Results: significantly lower hemoglobin and hematocrit figures were found in females. The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) showed significant differences by group of sports. In athletes who underwent electrophoresis, Hb 15 AS were found. Conclusions: the findings of this research are useful for diagnosis and health monitoring of athletes of high-performance, under heavy physical workloads.
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