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首页> 外文期刊>Royal Society Open Science >An adaptable but threatened big cat: density, diet and prey selection of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) in eastern Cambodia
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An adaptable but threatened big cat: density, diet and prey selection of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) in eastern Cambodia

机译：一只适应力强但受威胁的大猫：柬埔寨东部印度支那豹（Panthera pardus delacouri）的密度，饮食和猎物选择

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We studied the Indochinese leopard ( Panthera pardus delacouri ) in eastern Cambodia, in one of the few potentially remaining viable populations in Southeast Asia. The aims were to determine the: (i) current leopard density in Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) and (ii) diet, prey selection and predation impact of leopard in SWS. The density, estimated using spatially explicit capture–recapture models, was 1.0 leopard/100?km2, 72% lower than an estimate from 2009 at the same site, and one of the lowest densities ever reported in Asia. Dietary analysis of 73 DNA confirmed scats showed leopard consumed 13 prey species, although ungulates comprised 87% of the biomass consumed (BC). The overall main prey (42% BC) was banteng ( Bos javanicus ), making this the only known leopard population whose main prey had adult weight greater than 500?kg. Consumption of wild pig ( Sus scrofa ) was also one of the highest ever reported (22% BC), indicating leopard consistently predated on ungulates with some of the largest adult weights in SWS. There were important differences in diet and prey selection between sexes, as males consumed mostly banteng (62% BC) in proportion to availability, but few muntjac ( Muntiacus vaginalis ; 7% BC), whereas females selectively consumed muntjac (56% BC) and avoided banteng (less than 1% BC). Predation impact was low (0.5–3.2% of populations) for the three ungulate species consumed. We conclude that the Indochinese leopard is an important apex predator in SWS, but this unique population is declining at an alarming rate and will soon be eradicated unless effective protection is provided.
机译：我们研究了柬埔寨东部的印度支那豹（Panthera pardus delacouri），这是东南亚少数可存活的种群之一。目的是确定：（i）Srepok野生动物保护区（SWS）中的当前豹密度，以及（ii）豹在SWS中的饮食，猎物选择和捕食影响。使用空间显式捕获-捕获模型估算的密度是1.0豹/ 100？km 2 ，比同一地点的2009年估计值低72％，是有史以来报告的最低密度之一亚洲。对73只DNA的饮食分析表明，尽管有蹄类动物消耗了87％的生物量，但豹消耗了13种猎物。整个主要猎物（公元前42％）是班登人（Bos javanicus），这使其成为唯一已知的主要猎物成年体重超过500？kg的豹子种群。野猪（Sus scrofa）的消费量也是有史以来最高的消费量（公元前22％），这表明豹子一贯以有蹄类动物为食，并在SWS中成年后体重最大。性别之间在饮食和猎物选择上存在重要差异，因为雄性与可食用性成比例的比例主要消费班坦（公元前62％），但很少食用孟子（阴道木霉;公元前7％），而雌性则选择性地食用孟子（公元前56％）和避免吃药（少于公元前1％）。对三种有蹄类动物的捕食影响很低（占人口的0.5–3.2％）。我们得出的结论是，印度支那豹是SWS的重要天敌，但这一独特的种群正在以惊人的速度下降，除非提供有效的保护，否则很快将被根除。

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