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首页> 外文期刊>Revue Roumaine de Geographie >SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ON THE DANUBE RIVER IN THE ROMANIAN BORDER AREA – CHARACTERISTICS
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SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ON THE DANUBE RIVER IN THE ROMANIAN BORDER AREA – CHARACTERISTICS

机译：罗马尼亚边境地区丹努布河上的泥沙运输-特征

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The beginnings of knowledge on the Danube River are lost in the historical past of Europe. The first information on the Danube is of a hydrographic nature, also referring to the elaboration of maps by the AustroHungarian Empire. A brief overview of the catchment area, with its orographic, geologic, climatic and hydrographic characteristics, reveals the conditions of water flow and sediment formation on the Danube. In 1838, the Austro-Hungarian authorities set up the first level gauge in the Romanian border sector (at Or?ova) to measure water levels on the Danube. In the following years, water flow and sediment measurements began, further completed by the Romanian state after the 1877 War of Independence. Based on past measurements and on those gathered so far, enabled reconstituting the water level and sediment flow regime until 1840, presented in this paper. Special attention has been paid to coarse alluvial transport, dragged and in suspension. Analysing the interaction between water current and physical structure of the riverbed, yielded the empirical functions of hydro-morphological stability of the Danube riverbed and the empirical functions of dragged and suspended coarse sediment transport. The average specific discharge by sections of dragged coarse sediment and the average concentrations by sections of coarse sediment in suspension depend linearly on the average specific water discharge. Based on the empirical functions of coarse alluvial transport, which result from the processing of measurement data, led to determining the daily discharge of coarse sediment, dragged and in suspension, on the Romanian sector of the Danube between 1840 and 2012. Calculations yielded the multiannual average values and the maximum annual values of dragged and suspended coarse sediment discharge at the hydrometrical sections downstream of the Iron Gate. Here are the synthetic data: multiannual average values of dragged coarse sediment discharge vary between 14.6 kg/s at Gruia and 5.6 kg/s at Ceatal Ismail; maximum values of dragged coarse sediment discharge vary between 23.9 kg/s at Zimnicea and 47.9 kg/s at Grindu; multiannual average values of suspended coarse sediment discharge vary between 54.1 kg/s at Zimnicea and 130.1 kg/s at Ceatal Ismail; maximum values of coarse sediment discharge vary between 400 kg/s at Corabia and 2048 kg/s at Ceatal Ismail.
机译：在欧洲的历史遗失中，有关多瑙河的知识的起源已经消失了。关于多瑙河的第一个信息具有水文性质，也指的是奥匈帝国制定的地图。对集水区的简要概述及其地形，地质，气候和水文特征，揭示了多瑙河水流和沉积物形成的条件。 1838年，奥匈帝国当局在罗马尼亚边境地区（Or？ova）建立了第一个水位计，以测量多瑙河的水位。在随后的几年中，开始进行水流量和泥沙测量，并在1877年独立战争后由罗马尼亚政府进一步完成。根据过去的测量结果和迄今为止收集到的测量结果，能够重建直到1840年的水位和沉积物流态，本文中对此进行了介绍。已经特别注意了粗糙的冲积物运输，拖动和悬挂。分析了水流与河床物理结构之间的相互作用，得出了多瑙河河床水力形态稳定性的经验函数以及拖曳和悬浮的粗沙输运的经验函数。悬浮的粗颗粒沉积物的平均比排放量和悬浮液中的粗颗粒沉积物的平均浓度线性依赖于平均比水排放量。基于测量数据处理产生的粗冲积运移的经验函数，可以确定1840年至2012年之间多瑙河罗马尼亚地区的粗泥沙每天被拖曳和悬浮的排放量。计算得出的结果为多年期铁闸下游水文剖面上拖曳和悬浮的粗泥沙排放量的平均值和最大年值。以下是综合数据：拖曳的粗大泥沙排放的多年平均值在Gruia和Ceatal Ismail之间为14.6 kg / s和5.6 kg / s之间。在Zimnicea，拖曳的粗大泥沙排放量的最大值在23.9 kg / s之间，在Grindu，为47.9 kg / s。悬浮的粗大泥沙排放的多年平均值在Zimnicea为54.1 kg / s，在Ceatal Ismail为130.1 kg / s。粗沙的最大排放量在Corabia和Ceatal Ismail中为2048 kg / s之间。

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