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首页> 外文期刊>Royal Society Open Science >Simulated seal scarer sounds scare porpoises, but not seals: species-specific responses to 12?kHz deterrence sounds
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Simulated seal scarer sounds scare porpoises, but not seals: species-specific responses to 12?kHz deterrence sounds

机译：模拟的海豹惊吓的声音使海豚惊恐，但海豹却没有：对12？kHz威慑声音的物种特定反应

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Acoustic harassment devices (AHD) or ‘seal scarers’ are used extensively, not only to deter seals from fisheries, but also as mitigation tools to deter marine mammals from potentially harmful sound sources, such as offshore pile driving. To test the effectiveness of AHDs, we conducted two studies with similar experimental set-ups on two key species: harbour porpoises and harbour seals. We exposed animals to 500?ms tone bursts at 12?kHz simulating that of an AHD (Lofitech), but with reduced output levels (source peak-to-peak level of 165?dB re 1?μPa). Animals were localized with a theodolite before, during and after sound exposures. In total, 12 sound exposures were conducted to porpoises and 13 exposures to seals. Porpoises were found to exhibit avoidance reactions out to ranges of 525?m from the sound source. Contrary to this, seal observations increased during sound exposure within 100?m of the loudspeaker. We thereby demonstrate that porpoises and seals respond very differently to AHD sounds. This has important implications for application of AHDs in multi-species habitats, as sound levels required to deter less sensitive species (seals) can lead to excessive and unwanted large deterrence ranges on more sensitive species (porpoises).
机译：声学骚扰装置（AHD）或“密封条”被广泛使用，不仅可以阻止渔业捕捞海豹，而且还可以作为缓解工具，使海洋哺乳动物免受潜在有害声源（如海上打桩）的侵害。为了测试AHD的有效性，我们对两个关键物种（海豚和海豹）进行了两项具有相似实验设置的研究。我们将动物暴露在12？kHz的500？ms声调下，模拟AHD（Lofitech），但输出水平降低了（源峰峰值水平为165？dB，重新为1？μPa）。在声音暴露之前，期间和之后，将动物用经纬仪定位。总共对海豚进行了12次声音暴露，对海豹进行了13次暴露。发现海豚在距声源525？m的范围内表现出回避反应。与此相反，在暴露于扬声器100？m以内的声音期间，密封观察增加了。因此，我们证明了海豚和海豹对AHD声音的反应截然不同。这对于在多物种生境中应用AHD具有重要的意义，因为阻止敏感度较低的物种（海豹）所需的声级会导致对敏感度较高的物种（海豚）的过度和有害的大威慑范围。

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