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首页> 外文期刊>Open Journal of Applied Sciences >A Methodology to Assess the Safety of Aircraft Operations When Aerodrome Obstacle Standards Cannot Be Met
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A Methodology to Assess the Safety of Aircraft Operations When Aerodrome Obstacle Standards Cannot Be Met

机译：无法满足机场障碍标准时评估航空器运行安全的方法

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When Aerodrome Obstacle Standards cannot be met as a result of urban or technical development, an aeronautical study can be carried out with the permission of EASA, in conjunction with ICAO, to prove how aircrafts can achieve an equivalent level of safety. However currently, no detailed guidance for this procedure exists. This paper proposes such a safety assessment methodology in order to value obstacle clearance violations around airports. This method has already been applied to a safety case at Frankfurt Airport where a tower elevating 4 km out of threshold 25R severely violates obstacle limitation surfaces. The model data refers to a take-off and landing performance model (TLPM) computing precisely aircraft trajectories for both standard and engine out conditions at ground proximity. The generated tracks are used to estimate collision risk incrementally considering EASA/FAA, EU-OPS & ICAO clearance criteria. Normal operations are assessed with a probabilistic analysis of empirical take-off/landing track data generating the local actual navigation performance (ANP) on site. The ANP shows integration to collision risk for an aircraft with any obstacle. The obstacle is tested for clearance within a “5-step-plan” against all performance requirements for landing climb and take-off climb. The methodology thereby delivers a comprehensive risk picture: The presented safety case for Frankfurt Airport showed an equivalent safety level despite the violation of standards. The collision risk during both normal and degraded performance operations was still found to be within ICAO Collision Risk Model (CRM) limits, requiring only limited risk mitigation measures. The presented work should complement ICAO Doc 9774 Appendix 3.
机译：当由于城市或技术发展而无法满足机场障碍标准时，可以在EASA的许可下与ICAO一起进行航空研究，以证明飞机如何达到同等的安全水平。但是，目前尚无有关此过程的详细指南。本文提出了一种这样的安全评估方法，以评估机场周围的障碍物清除违规行为。此方法已在法兰克福机场的安全案例中应用，在该案例中，高出25R门槛的塔楼严重违反了障碍物限制表面。模型数据是指起飞和着陆性能模型（TLPM），可精确计算飞机在接近地面时的标准和发动机退出情况的轨迹。考虑到EASA / FAA，EU-OPS和ICAO清除标准，生成的轨迹用于逐步估计碰撞风险。通过对经验起飞/着陆轨迹数据进行概率分析来评估正常运行，从而在现场生成本地实际导航性能（ANP）。 ANP显示集成了具有任何障碍物的飞机的碰撞风险。测试障碍物是否符合“五步计划”中相对于着陆爬升和起飞爬升的所有性能要求的间隙。因此，该方法论提供了全面的风险状况：尽管违反了标准，但法兰克福机场提出的安全案例显示了相同的安全级别。仍然发现正常运行和性能下降运行期间的碰撞风险均在ICAO碰撞风险模型（CRM）限制之内，仅需要有限的风险缓解措施。提出的工作应补充国际民航组织Doc 9774号文件附录3。

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