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首页> 外文期刊>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics >Epidemiological Distribution of Reported Cryptosporidiosis cases in Houston, Texas, 2013-2016
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Epidemiological Distribution of Reported Cryptosporidiosis cases in Houston, Texas, 2013-2016

机译：2013-2016年德克萨斯州休斯敦报告的隐孢子虫病病例的流行病学分布

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Objective To demonstrate the demographic and clinical distribution of reported Cryptosporidiosis cases in Houston, Texas, from 2013-2016 Introduction Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasite Cryptosporidium . Modes of transmission include eating undercooked food contaminated with the parasite, swallowing something that has come into contact with human or animal feces, or swallowing pool water contaminated with the parasite. The disease is clinically manifested usually with chronic diarrhea and abdominal cramps. It is found to be more prevalent in immunocompromised patients like HIV and AIDS. Cryptosporidiosis usually causes potentially life-threatening disease in people with AIDS. Methods Data were extracted from the Houston Electronic Disease Surveillance System (HEDSS) from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. A total of 170 confirmed cases received during the study period were analyzed and crossed check against national Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) database to examine epidemiological distribution. SAS 9.4 was used to analyze demographics, clinical characteristics as well as transmission factors. Results Approximately, 72% of the cases were males and 28% were females. The 35-44 year old age group (37%) had the highest prevalence. African Americans (49%) and Hispanics (30%) had the highest number of confirmed Cryptosporidiosis cases. 133 of the 170 cases, 78% were previously reported to the eHARS national database as HIV/AIDS cases. Among the cases reported to eHARS, 90% had AIDS. 10% of the reported cases were found to be deceased in eHARS database. Among the 170 reported cases, 30% were hospitalized. Clinical presentations were diarrhea (44%), followed by abdominal cramps (23%), and nausea and vomiting (18%). Most common transmission factors among cryptosporidiosis cases were found to be men who have sex with men (MSM) (34%), followed by heterosexual contact with HIV/AIDS patients (14%), and MSM with Intravenous/Injection drug user (IDU) (5%). Among the reported cases, 70% were receiving ongoing medical services for their HIV/AIDS status. Conclusions Cryptosporidiosis in patients with HIV/AIDS diagnosis is mostly prevalent in males, African American adults and those between 35-44 years of age, with common clinical presentations of diarrhea and abdominal cramps. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis is found to be more common in AIDS patients. Prevention strategies should be focused on raising awareness among immunocompromised patients with HIV and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis so they get evaluated and treated quickly to prevent conversion to AIDS disease.
机译：目的证明2013-2016年德克萨斯州休斯敦报道的隐孢子虫病病例的人口统计和临床分布简介隐孢子虫病是由微观寄生虫隐孢子虫引起的腹泻病。传播方式包括食用被寄生虫污染的未煮熟的食物，吞咽已与人或动物粪便接触的东西，或吞咽被寄生虫污染的池水。该病在临床上通常表现为慢性腹泻和腹部绞痛。发现它在免疫功能低下的患者（如HIV和AIDS）中更为普遍。隐孢子虫病通常会在艾滋病患者中引起潜在的威胁生命的疾病。方法从2013年1月1日至2016年12月31日从休斯顿电子疾病监控系统（HEDSS）中提取数据。在研究期间，共对170例确诊病例进行了分析，并通过了国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病增强报告系统进行交叉检查（ eHARS）数据库来检查流行病学分布。 SAS 9.4用于分析人口统计学，临床特征以及传播因素。结果约占男性的72％，女性的28％。 35-44岁年龄段（37％）的患病率最高。非洲裔美国人（49％）和西班牙裔（30％）的确诊隐孢子虫病病例数最高。在170例病例中，有133例先前已向eHARS国家数据库报告为艾滋病毒/艾滋病病例。在报告给eHARS的病例中，有90％患有艾滋病。在eHARS数据库中发现已报告病例的10％已死。在报告的170例病例中，有30％住院。临床表现为腹泻（44％），其次是腹部绞痛（23％），恶心和呕吐（18％）。发现隐孢子虫病病例中最常见的传播因素是与男性发生性关系的男性（MSM）（34％），随后与HIV / AIDS患者进行异性接触（14％），以及静脉/注射吸毒者（IDU）发生MSM （5％）。在报告的病例中，有70％因其艾滋病毒/艾滋病状况而接受持续的医疗服务。结论诊断为HIV / AIDS的隐孢子虫病多见于男性，非裔美国成年人和35-44岁之间的人群，临床表现为腹泻和腹部绞痛。发现隐孢子虫病在艾滋病患者中更为普遍。预防策略应侧重于提高免疫力低下的HIV感染者和隐孢子虫病症状的认识，以便迅速对其进行评估和治疗，以防止转变为AIDS病。

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