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首页> 外文期刊>Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids >Comment réduire le?taux de?contaminants environnementaux dans?les?huiles de?poisson sans en?affecter les?caractéristiques nutritionnelles??
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Comment réduire le?taux de?contaminants environnementaux dans?les?huiles de?poisson sans en?affecter les?caractéristiques nutritionnelles??

机译：如何降低？水平？环境污染物？鱼？无油？影响？营养特性？

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Crude fish oil is an important ingredient in fish feed for fish farming; it can be used as functional food or neutraceutical (cod liver oil, EPA/DHA concentrates) or incorporated in healthy foods after refining. Major components of fish oil have positive nutritional properties. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can go up to 40% with variable proportions of EPA (C20:5) and DHA (C22-6) [ω-3 fatty acids]. Content of fat soluble vitamins is usually high. Unfortunately, fish oil is also sensitive to degradation products (polymeric and oxidized fat, increased polar content, off-flavor problems…). The beneficial nutritional properties of fish oil are in great contrast with the presence of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mainly originating from the environment. Usual steps for fish oil refining are neutralization, bleaching, winterization (optional) and deodorization. Processing difficulties consist in finding the best operating conditions for an effective removal of unwanted contaminants and a maximal preservation of the nutritional qualities (processing duality). In this work, different adsorbents (filter aid, silica powder, bleaching earth and active carbon) were tested for the best removal of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs; it was shown that filter aid, silica and bleaching earth have no significant effect on decontamination while removal of majority non ortho PCBs and PCDDs/PCDFs was possible with active carbon. Mono-ortho PCBs were significantly less absorbed by active carbon. Deodorization was further investigated. Processing temperature had a very pronounced effect on the reduction of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs. Already at 210 °C, all of them were removed efficiently to a level below the limit set by European Legislation. But temperature increase was limited by the risk of degradation of EPA/DHA (ω-3). Combination of active carbon treatment and deodorization was shown to be the best compromise to remove majority of the contaminants and to preserve the nutritional quality of fish oil. At low active carbon dosage and deodorization temperature below 200 °C, the total contamination level of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs can be reduced below level imposed by European Legislation.
机译：粗制鱼油是养鱼用饲料中的重要成分。它可以用作功能性食品或营养保健品（鱼肝油，EPA / DHA浓缩物）或在精制后掺入健康食品中。鱼油的主要成分具有积极的营养特性。当EPA（C20：5）和DHA（C22-6）[ω-3脂肪酸]的比例不同时，多不饱和脂肪酸最多可增加40％。脂溶性维生素的含量通常很高。不幸的是，鱼油对降解产物（聚合和氧化脂肪，极性含量增加，异味问题……）也很敏感。鱼油的有益营养特性与重金属和持久性有机污染物（POPs）的存在形成鲜明对比，重金属和持久性有机污染物（例如多氯二苯并二恶英和-呋喃（PCDDs / PCDFs）和多氯联苯（PCBs））主要来自环境。鱼油精制的通常步骤是中和，漂白，防冻（可选）和除臭。加工困难在于找到最佳操作条件，以有效去除有害污染物并最大程度地保留营养品质（加工二元性）。在这项工作中，测试了不同的吸附剂（助滤剂，二氧化硅粉末，漂白土和活性炭）以最佳去除PCDDs / PCDFs和PCB。结果表明，助滤剂，二氧化硅和漂白土对去污没有显着影响，而使用活性炭则可以去除大多数非邻位PCB和PCDDs / PCDF。单原位PCB的活性炭吸收量显着降低。进一步研究了除臭作用。加工温度对减少PCDD / PCDF和PCB的影响非常明显。已经在210°C的温度下有效地将它们全部清除，使其达到欧洲法规规定的极限以下。但是温度升高受到EPA / DHA（ω-3）降解风险的限制。活性炭处理和除臭相结合是去除大多数污染物并保持鱼油营养质量的最佳折衷方案。在低活性炭用量和除臭温度低于200°C时，PCDDs / PCDFs和PCBs的总污染水平可以降低到欧洲法规规定的水平以下。

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