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Genetic aspects of athletic performance: the African runners phenomenon

机译：运动成绩的遗传因素：非洲跑步者现象

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Abstract: The current dominance of African runners in long-distance running is an intriguing phenomenon that highlights the close relationship between genetics and physical performance. Many factors in the interesting interaction between genotype and phenotype (eg, high cardiorespiratory fitness, higher hemoglobin concentration, good metabolic efficiency, muscle fiber composition, enzyme profile, diet, altitude training, and psychological aspects) have been proposed in the attempt to explain the extraordinary success of these runners. Increasing evidence shows that genetics may be a determining factor in physical and athletic performance. But, could this also be true for African long-distance runners? Based on this question, this brief review proposed the role of genetic factors (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, the Y chromosome, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the alpha-actinin-3 genes) in the amazing athletic performance observed in African runners, especially the Kenyans and Ethiopians, despite their environmental constraints.
机译：摘要：目前非洲选手在长跑中的优势地位是一个有趣的现象，突显了遗传学和身体表现之间的密切关系。为了解释基因型和表型之间有趣的相互作用，提出了许多因素（例如，高的心肺适应性，较高的血红蛋白浓度，良好的代谢效率，肌肉纤维组成，酶谱，饮食，海拔训练和心理方面）。这些跑步者取得了非凡的成功。越来越多的证据表明，遗传因素可能是身体和运动表现的决定因素。但是，对于非洲长跑运动员来说也是如此吗？基于这个问题，这篇简短的评论提出了遗传因素（线粒体脱氧核糖核酸，Y染色体，血管紧张素转化酶和α-actinin-3基因）在非洲跑步者，尤其是非洲跑步者中观察到的惊人运动表现中的作用。肯尼亚人和埃塞俄比亚人，尽管受到环境限制。

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