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首页> 外文期刊>Open access Insect Physiology >Meconial peritrophic matrix and meconial degradation in the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
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Meconial peritrophic matrix and meconial degradation in the biting midge, Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

机译：咬人的蚊（Cquilicoides variipennis（Coquillett））中的粪便周围营养基质和粪便降解（双翅目：Ceratopogonidae）

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Background: The peritrophic matrix (PM), a noncellular layer surrounding the food bolus in the gut, has been described in several invertebrate phyla, including Arthropoda. In arthropod vectors, the PM may be a barrier to pathogens in a meal. In mosquito pupae, a PM forms around the sloughed larval midgut epithelial cells (meconium), and evidence suggests this meconial PM (MPM) protects the developing adult midgut epithelium from microbes ingested during the larval stage. Given the probable protective function of MPM and the possibility that it exists in taxa beyond the Culicidae, we looked for MPM in a representative of a related dipteran family, Certatopogonidae (biting midges).Methods: One hundred thirteen mature Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) larvae, pupae over the entire pupal stadium, and several adults were paraffin-sectioned, stained, and examined using light microscopy.Results: Near the end of the larval stage, the midgut epithelium sloughs into the lumen forming the meconium and a new epithelium forms from regenerative cell proliferation. The meconium gradually histolyses as indicated by shrinkage, a staining reaction change from red to blue, and loss of cellular structure. A distinct MPM often forms and persists into the adult stage. Shortly after sloughing, blue staining material accumulates around the meconium and then disappears in correlation with MPM formation.Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis that MPM occurs in taxa beyond the Culicidae, in this study the Ceratopogonidae, specifically in C. variipennis. As in mosquitoes, MPM occurrence is variable, and its formation may be induced in response to a chemotactic stimulus, possibly of microbial origin. As in mosquitoes, MPM in C. variipennis appears to protect the developing adult midgut by sequestering microorganisms remaining from the larval stage. Consistent with MPM induction and microbial sequestration, we saw in a few older pupae and new adults, brownish material, possibly microbial, within the confines of a distinct MPM.
机译：背景：在包括节肢动物在内的几种无脊椎动物门中都描述了营养丰富的基质（PM），即围绕食物中食物团的非细胞层。在节肢动物载体中，PM可能成为膳食中病原体的屏障。在蚊虫up中，腐烂的幼虫中肠上皮细胞（胎粪）周围会形成PM，证据表明这种胎粪PM（MPM）可以保护发育中的成年中肠上皮细胞免受幼虫期摄入的微生物的侵害。鉴于MPM可能具有保护功能，并且可能存在于Culicidae以外的类群中，我们在相关双足动物家族Certatopogonidae（叮咬mid）的代表中寻找了MPM。 ）幼虫，整个stadium体育场内的ae，石蜡切片，染色并用光学显微镜检查。结果：在幼虫阶段结束时，中肠上皮脱落到腔内形成胎粪和新上皮。再生细胞增殖的形式。如收缩所示，胎粪逐渐组织溶解，染色反应从红色变为蓝色，并失去细胞结构。独特的MPM通常会形成并持续到成年阶段。蜕皮后不久，蓝色染色物质在胎粪周围积聚，然后与MPM的形成相关地消失。结论：我们的研究支持以下假设：MPM发生在库蚊科之外的类群中，在本研究中，斑尾类科特别是在变异小隐孢子虫中。如在蚊子中一样，MPM的发生是可变的，它的形成可能是由于趋化性刺激（可能是微生物引起的）而引起的。与蚊子一样，水痘梭菌中的MPM似乎可以通过隔离幼体阶段剩余的微生物来保护发育中的中肠。与MPM诱导和微生物螯合相一致，我们在一些较老的up和新成虫中看到了棕色物质，可能是微生物，处于不同的MPM范围内。

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