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Tidal Marsh Vegetation of China Camp, San Pablo Bay, California

机译：加利福尼亚圣巴勃罗湾中国营潮汐沼泽植被

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China Camp (Marin County, California) preserves extensive relict stands of salt marsh vegetation developed on a prehistoric salt marsh platform with a complex sinuous tidal creek network. The low salt marsh along tidal creeks supports extensive native stands of Pacific cordgrass (Spartina foliosa). The outer salt marsh accreted following hydraulic gold mining sedimentation. It consists of a wave-scarped pickleweed-dominated (Sarcocornia pacifica) high salt marsh terrace with a broad fringing low marsh dominated by S. foliosa, including intermittent, variable stands of alkali-bulrush (Bolboschoenus maritimus). Most of the extensive prehistoric salt marsh plains within the tidal creek network also support mixed assemblages of S. pacifica, but high marsh zones along tidal creek banks support nearly continuous linear stands of gumplant (Grindelia stricta) and saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) with more diverse salt marsh forb assemblages. Salt pans with submerged wigeongrass (Ruppia maritima) are scarce, local, and small. The landward edge of the tidal marsh forms rare examples of ecotones with adjacent terrestrial vegetation, including those of alluvial valleys (riparian scrub and woodland, freshwater marsh, sedge-rush meadows) and hillslope grassland and oak woodland vegetation. Narrow high tidal marsh ecotones bordering terrestrial grasslands are locally dominated by creeping wildrye (Elymus triticoides) and Baltic rush (Juncus balticus), mostly on south-facing slopes. Brackish tidal marsh ecotones above ordinary high tides are associated with freshwater discharges from groundwater and surface flows. Brackish marsh ecotones support large clonal stands of sedge, bulrush, and rush vegetation (Carex praegracilis, C. barbarae, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus phaeocephalus, Schoenoplectus acutus), intergrading with terrestrial freshwater wetlands and salt marsh. The terrestrial ecotone assemblages at China Camp are comparable with those of other prehistoric tidal marshes in the San Francisco Estuary, but China Camp lacks most native clonal perennial Asteraceae and halophytic annual forbs of the region’s remnant high tidal marsh ecotones. Few globally rare salt marsh plant populations have been reported from China Camp within the National Estuarine Research Reserve and State Park boundaries, but some species regionally uncommon in San Francisco Bay tidal marshes occur. To date, non-native tidal marsh plant invasions have been relatively minor and localized within China Camp.
机译：中国营地（加利福尼亚州马林县）保留着大量的盐沼植被遗迹，这些植被是在史前的盐沼平台上发展而成的，具有复杂的蜿蜒的潮汐小溪网络。潮间带的低盐沼支撑着太平洋草（Spartina foliosa）的大量原生林分。在水力金矿开采沉积后，外部盐沼逐渐积聚。它由波状的杂草丛生的（Sarcocornia pacifica）高盐沼地阶地和宽叶边缘的低沼地（以S. foliosa为主）组成，包括间断的，可变的碱化芦苇（Bolboschoenus maritimus）。潮汐小溪网络内的大多数史前广泛的盐沼平原也支持太平洋沙门氏菌的混合组合，但潮汐小溪沿岸的高沼泽地带则支持口香糖（Grindelia stricta）和盐草（Distichlis spicata）的近乎连续的线性林分。盐沼禁止集会。浸没的藜麦（Ruppia maritima）的盐锅稀少，局部且小。潮汐沼泽的陆缘形成了稀有的过渡带与邻近陆地植被的例子，包括冲积山谷（河岸灌木丛和林地，淡水沼泽，莎草丛草甸）以及山坡草地和橡树林地植被。与陆地草原接壤的高潮汐湿地狭窄的生态带在当地主要由蠕动的黑麦草（Elymus triticoides）和波罗的海草丛（Juncus balticus）所主导，大多位于朝南的斜坡上。普通高潮以上的淡淡潮汐沼泽湿地过渡带与地下水和地表水的淡水排放有关。淡淡的沼泽生态交错带支持莎草，芦苇和仓促植被的大型克隆林（Carex praegracilis，C. barbarae，Bolboschoenus maritimus，Juncus phaeocephalus，Schoenoplectus acutus），与陆生淡水湿地和盐沼过渡。 China Camp的陆地过渡带组合与旧金山河口其他史前潮汐沼泽的组合相当，但是China Camp缺少该地区剩余的高潮汐沼泽过渡带中大多数原生的多年生菊科和多年生盐生植物。在国家河口研究保护区和州立公园边界内，从中国营地报告的全球稀有盐沼植物种群很少，但在旧金山湾的潮汐沼泽中却出现了一些区域罕见的物种。迄今为止，非本地潮汐沼泽植物的入侵相对较小，并且仅在中国营地内发生。

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