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The Psychotomimetic Nature of Dreams: An Experimental Study

机译：梦的拟精神性质：实验研究

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Several theories promote the similarities between dreaming and psychosis, but this has rarely been tested empirically. We assessed dreaming and waking reality using the Psychotomimetic States Inventory, a measure of psychotic-like experience originally designed for drug studies. Twenty participants completed the measure in each of two dream conditions and one waking condition. Dreams were assessed upon waking naturally and also using a movement-activated (actigraph) alarm during the night. Overall, participants reported more quasipsychotic characteristics during dreams (in both conditions) than when awake. This was most marked for paranoia and delusional thinking, but differences were also seen for perceptual abnormalities, mania, and anhedonia. The quality of dream experience seems particularly similar to psychosis in sometimes being highly self-referential and having a paranoid content. Subjective changes to cognition and affect are consistent with alterations in prefrontal cortical activity during REM sleep that mirror those of schizophrenia.
机译：有几种理论促进了梦境和精神病之间的相似性，但是很少有经验对此进行检验。我们使用拟精神状态清单（一种最初用于药物研究的类似精神病体验的评估方法）评估了梦境和唤醒现实。二十名参与者分别在两个梦境和一个清醒状态下完成了该测量。在自然醒来时评估梦境，并在夜间使用移动激活（书法）警报器进行评估。总体而言，参与者在梦中（在两种情况下）报告的准精神病特征都比清醒时多。这在偏执狂和妄想方面最为明显，但在知觉异常，躁狂和快感缺失方面也存在差异。梦境体验的质量似乎与精神病特别相似，有时表现为高度自我指称，并且具有偏执的内容。认知和影响的主观改变与REM睡眠期间前额叶皮层活动的变化一致，反映出精神分​​裂症的变化。

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