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Teaching skills for medical residents: are these important? A narrative review of the literature

机译：医学住院医师的教学技巧：这些重要吗？文献叙事回顾

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is extensive evidence, mainly from the United States and Canada, that points towards the need to train medical residents in teaching skills. Much of the “informal curriculum”, including professional values, is taught by residents when consultants are not around. Furthermore, data from the 1960s show the importance of acquiring these skills, not only for residents but also for all doctors. -Teaching moments can be identified in simple daily situations, like discussing a clinical situation with patients and their families, planning patients’ care with the healthcare team or teaching peers and medical students. The aim here was to examine the significance of resident teaching courses and estimate the effectiveness of these courses and the state of the art in Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a review of the literature, using the MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases to extract relevant articles describing residents-as-teachers (RaT) programs and the importance of teaching skills for medical residents. This review formed part of the development of a doctoral project on medical education. RESULTS: Original articles, reviews and systematic reviews were used to produce this paper as part of a doctoral project. CONCLUSIONS: RaT programs are important in clinical practice and as role models for junior learners. -Moreover, these educational programs improve residents’ self-assessed teaching behaviors and teaching confidence. On the other hand, RaT program curricula are limited by both the number of studies and their methodologies. In Brazil, there is no such experience, according to the data gathered here, except for one master’s thesis.
机译：摘要背景：有大量证据（主要来自美国和加拿大）表明，有必要对医疗居民进行教学技能培训。当顾问不在时，居民会教很多“非正式课程”，包括职业价值观。此外，1960年代的数据表明，不仅对居民而且对所有医生而言，掌握这些技能的重要性。 -可以在日常简单的情况下确定教学时间，例如与患者及其家人讨论临床情况，与医疗团队计划患者的护理或与同伴和医学生一起教学。这里的目的是检查居民教学课程的重要性，并评估这些课程的有效性和巴西的最新技术水平。方法：我们使用MEDLINE，PubMed，SciELO和LILACS数据库对文献进行了回顾，以提取相关文章，以描述居民教师（RaT）计划以及医疗技能对教学的重要性。这项审查是医学教育博士项目发展的一部分。结果：原始的文章，评论和系统的评论被用来作为博士论文的一部分来撰写这篇论文。结论：RaT计划在临床实践中很重要，并且是初学者的榜样。 -此外，这些教育计划提高了居民的自我评估的教学行为和教学信心。另一方面，RaT计划课程受到研究数量及其方法的限制。根据这里收集的数据，在巴西，没有这样的经历，只有一位硕士论文。

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