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首页> 外文期刊>Science Advances >Empty forest or empty rivers? A century of commercial hunting in Amazonia
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Empty forest or empty rivers? A century of commercial hunting in Amazonia

机译：空荡荡的森林或空荡的河流？一个世纪的亚马逊狩猎

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The Amazon basin is the largest and most species-rich tropical forest and river system in the world, playing a pivotal role in global climate regulation and harboring hundreds of traditional and indigenous cultures. It is a matter of intense debate whether the ecosystem is threatened by hunting practices, whereby an “empty forest” loses critical ecological functions. Strikingly, no previous study has examined Amazonian ecosystem resilience through the perspective of the massive 20th century international trade in furs and skins. We present the first historical account of the scale and impacts of this trade and show that whereas aquatic species suffered basin-wide population collapse, terrestrial species did not. We link this differential resilience to the persistence of adequate spatial refuges for terrestrial species, enabling populations to be sustained through source-sink dynamics, contrasting with unremitting hunting pressure on more accessible aquatic habitats. Our findings attest the high vulnerability of aquatic fauna to unregulated hunting, particularly during years of severe drought. We propose that the relative resilience of terrestrial species suggests a marked opportunity for managing, rather than criminalizing, contemporary traditional subsistence hunting in Amazonia, through both the engagement of local people in community-based comanagement programs and science-led conservation governance.
机译：亚马逊流域是世界上最大，物种最多的热带森林和河流系统，在全球气候调节中扮演着举足轻重的角色，拥有数百种传统和土著文化。生态系统是否受到狩猎活动的威胁，这是一个激烈的辩论，“空林”失去了至关重要的生态功能。引人注目的是，以前没有任何研究从20世纪大规模毛皮国际贸易的角度研究亚马逊生态系统的弹性。我们介绍了这种贸易的规模和影响的第一个历史记录，并表明尽管水生物种遭受流域范围内的人口崩溃，但陆生物种却没有。我们将这种不同的弹性与陆生物种充足的空间庇护所的持久性联系在一起，从而使种群能够通过源库动态得以维持，这与对更易接近的水生生境的不懈的狩猎压力形成了鲜明的对比。我们的发现证明了水生动物极易遭受无节制的狩猎，特别是在严重干旱的年份。我们建议，通过当地人参与基于社区的共同管理计划和以科学为主导的保护治理，陆生物种的相对复原力为在亚马孙地区管理当代传统生计狩猎（而不是定罪）提供了明显的机会。

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