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Capacity to support predators scales with habitat size

机译:支持捕食者的能力随生境大小而变化

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Habitat reduction could drive biodiversity loss if the capacity of food webs to support predators is undermined by habitat-size constraints on predator body size. Assuming that (i) available space restricts predator body size, (ii) mass-specific energy needs of predators scale with their body size, and (iii) energy availability scales with prey biomass, we predicted that predator biomass per unit area would scale with habitat size (quarter-power exponent) and prey biomass (three-quarter–power exponent). We found that total predator biomass scaled with habitat size and prey resources as expected across 29 New Zealand rivers, such that a unit of habitat in a small ecosystem supported less predator biomass than an equivalent unit in a large ecosystem. The lower energetic costs of large body size likely mean that a unit of prey resource supports more biomass of large-bodied predators compared to small-bodied predators. Thus, contracting habitat size reduces the predator mass that can be supported because of constraints on predator body size, and this may be a powerful mechanism exacerbating reductions in biodiversity due to habitat loss.
机译:如果食物网对捕食者的支持能力因栖息地规模对捕食者体型的限制而受到破坏,则栖息地的减少可能加剧生物多样性的丧失。假设(i)可用空间限制了捕食者的体型,(ii)捕食者的特定质量能量需求随其体型而缩放,并且(iii)能量可利用性随猎物生物量而缩放,我们预测捕食者每单位面积的生物量将随生境大小(四分之一幂指数)和猎物生物量(四分之三幂指数)。我们发现,在29条新西兰河流中,捕食者的总生物量与栖息地的大小和猎物资源成比例,因此,一个小型生态系统中的一个栖息地所支持的捕食者生物量要比一个大型生态系统中的同等单位少。大型体的较低的能量消耗可能意味着,与小型肉食动物相比,一个单位的猎物资源支持大型肉食动物更多的生物量。因此,缩小栖息地的规模会减少捕食者的数量,因为捕食者的体型受到限制,这可能是加剧栖息地丧失导致生物多样性减少的强大机制。

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