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首页> 外文期刊>Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World >Ratchets and See-Saws: Divergent Institutional Patterns in Women’s Political Representation:
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Ratchets and See-Saws: Divergent Institutional Patterns in Women’s Political Representation:

机译：棘轮和跷跷板：女性政治代表制中的不同制度模式：

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摘要

Women’s representation in legislative and executive offices has increased in recent decades. We show, though, that while global legislative and executive trend lines have positive slopes, the two institutions experience distinctive temporal dynamics. When levels of women’s legislative representation rise, they tend not to slip back beyond their newly achieved level—women’s legislative representation tends to be characterized by a ratchet effect. This effect is relatively rare in cabinets, where increases in women’s representation are often followed by decreases. We call the latter phenomenon the see-saw effect: Countries experience one or more steps back for every step forward. These differences have normative and analytical implications. Normatively, we suggest that cabinet see-sawing is particularly problematic when domestic power balances are weighted toward executives. Analytically, we encourage researchers to use indicators of women’s empowerment that account for time and inter-institutional balances and identify factors that affect cross-country variation in temporal trends.
机译：近几十年来，妇女在立法和行政办公室的代表人数有所增加。但是，我们显示，尽管全球立法和行政趋势线呈正斜率，但两个机构都经历了独特的时间动态。当妇女的立法代表人数上升时，她们往往不会退缩到新近达到的水平—妇女的立法代表人物往往具有棘轮效应。这种影响在橱柜中相对少见，在橱柜中，女性代表人数增加后往往会减少。我们将后一种现象称为跷跷板效应：各国在前进的每一步都会经历一个或多个退步。这些差异具有规范和分析意义。从规范上讲，我们建议，当国内权力平衡偏重于高管时，内阁拉锯尤其成问题。从分析上讲，我们鼓励研究人员使用增强妇女权能的指标来说明时间和机构间的平衡，并确定影响跨国时间趋势变化的因素。

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