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首页> 外文期刊>Solid Earth >On the complexity of surface ruptures during normal faulting earthquakes: excerpts from the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) earthquake (iM/isubw/sub 6.3)
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On the complexity of surface ruptures during normal faulting earthquakes: excerpts from the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) earthquake (iM/isubw/sub 6.3)

机译：关于正常断层地震中地表破裂的复杂性：摘自2009年4月6日拉奎拉（意大利中部）地震（ M w 6.3）

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Over the past few years theassessment of the earthquake potential of large continental faults hasincreasingly relied on field investigations. State-of-the-art seismic hazardmodels are progressively complementing the information derived fromearthquake catalogs with geologicalobservations of active faulting. Using these observations, however, requiresfull understanding of the relationships between seismogenic slip at depth andsurface deformation, such that the evidence indicating the presence of alarge, potentially seismogenic fault can be singled out effectively andunambiguously.We used observations and models of the 6 April 2009, Mw 6.3,L'Aquila, normal faulting earthquake to explore the relationships between theactivity of a large fault at seismogenic depth and its surface evidence. Thisvery well-documented earthquake is representative of mid-size yet damagingearthquakes that are frequent around the Mediterranean basin, and was chosenas a paradigm of the nature of the associated geological evidence, along withobservational difficulties and ambiguities.Thanks to the available high-resolution geologic, geodetic and seismologicaldata aided by analog modeling, we reconstructed the full geometry of theseismogenic source in relation to surface and sub-surface faults. We maintainthat the earthquake was caused by seismogenic slip in the range 3–10 kmdepth, and that the slip distribution was strongly controlled by inheriteddiscontinuities. We also contend that faulting was expressed at the surfaceby pseudo-primary breaks resulting from coseismic crustal bending and bysympathetic slip on secondary faults.Based on our results we propose a scheme of normal fault hierarchizationthrough which all surface occurrences related to faulting at various depthscan be interpreted in the framework of a single, mechanically coherent model.We stress that appreciating such complexity is crucial to avoiding severeover- or under-estimation of the local seismogenic potential.
机译：在过去的几年中，对大型大陆断层的地震潜力的评估越来越依赖于现场调查。最新的地震灾害模型正在通过主动断层的地质观测逐步补充从地震目录中获得的信息。但是，使用这些观测值需要充分理解深度处的地震成因滑移与表面变形之间的关系，从而可以有效，明确地指出存在大的潜在地震成因的断层。 我们使用了观测和模型2009年4月6日，在拉奎拉6.3级地震中，拉奎拉发生了正常的断层地震，以探讨大断层在震源深度的活动与地表证据之间的关系。这份有据可查的地震代表了地中海盆地周围频繁发生的中型但具有破坏性的地震，被选为相关地质证据性质的范例，同时也遇到观测困难和模棱两可的情况。 在模拟建模的帮助下，利用可获得的高分辨率地质，大地测量和地震数据，我们重建了与地面和地下断层有关的震源的完整几何形状。我们认为，地震是由3-10 km深度的地震成因滑移引起的，并且滑移的分布受到继承的不连续性的强烈控制。我们还认为，断层是由同震地壳弯曲和次生断层上的交感滑动引起的伪初生断裂表示的。 基于我们的结果，我们提出了一种正常断层分层方案，通过该方案，所有与地表有关的事件都与可以在一个单一的，机械上连贯的模型的框架内解释不同深度的断层。我们强调，理解这种复杂性对于避免对局部地震发生潜力的严重高估或低估至关重要。

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