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The reversal of the Sun’s magnetic field in cycle 24

机译：太阳在周期24中的磁场反转

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Analysis of synoptic data from the Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) of the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) and the NASA/NSO Spectromagnetograph (SPM) at the NSO/Kitt Peak Vacuum Telescope facility shows that the reversals of solar polar magnetic fields exhibit elements of a stochastic process, which may include the development of specific patterns of emerging magnetic flux, and the asymmetry in activity between Northern and Southern hemispheres. The presence of such irregularities makes the modeling and prediction of polar field reversals extremely hard if possible. In a classical model of solar activity cycle, the unipolar magnetic regions (UMRs) of predominantly following polarity fields are transported polewards due to meridional flows and diffusion. The UMRs gradually cancel out the polar magnetic field of the previous cycle, and rebuild the polar field of opposite polarity setting the stage for the next cycle. We show, however, that this deterministic picture can be easily altered by the developing of a strong center of activity, or by the emergence of an extremely large active region, or by a ‘strategically placed’ coronal hole. We demonstrate that the activity occurring during the current cycle 24 may be the result of this randomness in the evolution of the solar surface magnetic field.
机译：在NSO /基特峰真空望远镜设施对太阳的光学长期光学研究（SOLIS）和NASA / NSO的电磁光谱学的矢量光谱仪（VSM）进行的天气数据分析表明，太阳极的反转磁场表现出随机过程的要素，其中可能包括新出现的磁通量的特定模式的发展，以及南北半球之间活动的不对称性。如果可能的话，这种不规则性的存在使极性反转的建模和预测变得异常困难。在太阳活动周期的经典模型中，由于子午流和扩散，主要遵循极性场的单极磁区（UMR）沿极向传输。 UMR逐渐抵消了上一个周期的极性磁场，并重建了相反极性的极性磁场，为下一个周期奠定了基础。但是，我们表明，可以通过形成强大的活动中心，通过出现非常大的活动区域或通过“策略性放置”的冠状孔来轻松改变这种确定性的情况。我们证明了在当前周期24期间发生的活动可能是太阳表面磁场演化中这种随机性的结果。

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