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Winching Distance in Function of the Optimization of Skid Network

机译：绞距在滑道网优化中的作用

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Background and Purpose: Optimisation of skid road network is very important in forest utilisation because transport is considered to be the most expensive part of timber production. Designing forest traffic infrastructure means positioning its location in the forest area using traditional or modern methods. Many factors influence the skidding costs, and winching distance is one of them. The use of modern techniques gives an opportunity to forest practitioners that simulate different network variants and choose the most appropriate ones. Materials and Methods: The research object is Compartment 27, which belongs to Forest Administration Unit "Prijedor", with the area of 46.72 ha. Investigation is divided into the phase of field work and the phase of designing secondary forest road network variants in the office. Field work includes the traditional and Global Positioning System (GPS) marking of trees for cutting and the creating of Geographic Information System (GIS) database. In relation to spatial distribution of trees for cutting, skid roads and skid trail networks are laid by using the GPS. The new scondary road network is laid in the field and compared with three simulated variants of secondary road network that are laid by ArcGIS 10.3. Secondary road network is planned by using Network Analyst tools and Shortest path method that is based on Dijkstra’s algorithm. These variants are simulated based on different average winching distances of 10, 20 and 30 m. Results: The area of the compartment is divided into two transportation zones. Total length of the secondary road network designed in the traditional way is 4816 m, thus achieving the secondary openness of 103 m·ha-1. In simulated Variant I, with winch pulling distances of 20 m, the total length of secondary roads is 5590 m with costs of 14352.62 €, in Variant II with winching distance of up to 40 m length of secondary roads it is 3228 m with costs of 7426.78 €, and in Variant III with winch rope length of up to 60 m, the length of roads is 2219 m, with costs of 4400.89 €. The achieved mean skidding distances are relatively similar in all variants. When taking into account the average length of the winch rope, considering all three new-design variants, it can be said that there is almost no difference in productivity and skidding costs. Conclusions: Mean winching distance has influence on skidding costs, but only in variants where mean skidding distance is decreasing. Smaller winching distance is justified only from the aspect of work humanization. Small differences in skidding costs between variants have no practical significance except for large quantities of wood assortments.
机译：背景和目的：滑行路网的优化在森林利用中非常重要，因为运输被认为是木材生产中最昂贵的部分。设计森林交通基础设施意味着使用传统或现代方法将其位置定位在森林地区。影响打滑成本的因素很多，而卷扬距离是其中之一。现代技术的使用为森林从业者提供了机会，他们可以模拟不同的网络变体并选择最合适的网络变体。材料和方法：研究对象是隔室27，其属于森林管理部门“ Prijedor”，面积46.72公顷。调查分为实地工作阶段和办公室中设计次生林道网络变体的阶段。野外工作包括用于砍伐树木的传统和全球定位系统（GPS）标记以及创建地理信息系统（GIS）数据库。关于砍伐树木的空间分布，通过使用GPS铺设了滑行道路和滑行道网络。新的基础道路网络已在现场放置，并与ArcGIS 10.3放置的三种模拟的辅助道路网络变体进行了比较。通过使用Network Analyst工具和基于Dijkstra算法的最短路径方法来规划次要道路网络。这些变体是根据10、20和30 m的不同平均绞盘距离进行模拟的。结果：车厢的区域分为两个运输区域。采用传统方式设计的二次路网总长度为4816 m，二次开度为103 m·ha-1。在模拟的Variant I中，绞车牵引距离为20 m，次要道路的总长度为5590 m，成本为14352.62€;在Variant II中，绞车距离为40 m以下的次要道路长度为3228 m，成本为7426.78欧元，在带有绞车绳长度不超过60 m的Variant III中，道路长度为2219 m，成本为4400.89欧元。在所有变体中，获得的平均滑行距离相对相似。考虑到绞车绳的平均长度，同时考虑所有三种新设计的变体，可以说生产率和打滑成本几乎没有差异。结论：平均绞车距离对打滑成本有影响，但仅在平均打滑距离正在减小的变型中。较小的绞车距离仅在工作人性化方面是合理的。除了大量的木材种类以外，不同变体之间的打滑成本的微小差异没有实际意义。

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