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Fuel Consumption of Forwarders in Lowland Forests of Pedunculate Oak

机译：带花茎橡木低地森林的货运代理燃料消耗

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Background and Purpose: Fuel consumption in timber harvesting operations is significant for both economic and environmental reasons. In economic sense, one significant part of timber harvesting costs is reduced to fuel costs, and in environmental sense 80% to 95% of exhaust emissions and soot particles in forest machinery are in fact associated with fuel consumption. Materials and Methods: The research object was a 6-wheel Valmet 840.2 forwarder and research was conducted in Forest Administration Vinkovci (lowland part of Croatia) during seeding felling in a stand of pedunculate oak and narrow-leafed ash. For the purpose of measuring fuel consumption on the researched forwarder a differential flow device was installed together with FMS (Fleet Management System) which was used for data transfer. Results: Fuel consumption is expressed in six different ways concerning: cycle, extraction distance of 100 m, time (hour), load mass (tons), gross load volume (m3) and product of mass and transporting distance (tkm). Fuel consumption amounted to 0.56 l·tkm-1 during the extracting of logs and 0.78 l·tkm-1 during the extraction of energy wood. The results also show an increasing trend of fuel consumption expressed per ton of transported load with the increase of travelled distance during the extraction. Conclusions: Fuel consumption expressed in l·tkm-1 is the most accurate fuel consumption indicator because it allows a realistic comparison of different types of machines with different loads (t, m3) at different extracting distances. The higher fuel consumption of an unloaded forwarder compared to a loaded forwarder can be explained with an increased wheel slip of an unloaded forwarder due to reduced traction between wheels and the soil both in the extraction of logs and energy wood.
机译：背景和目的：出于经济和环境原因，木材采伐作业中的燃料消耗量很大。从经济意义上讲，木材采伐成本的很大一部分降低为燃料成本，从环境意义上讲，林业机械中80％至95％的废气排放和烟尘颗粒实际上与燃料消耗有关。材料和方法：研究对象是6轮Valmet 840.2转发器，并在森林管理Vinkovci（克罗地亚低地）对有花梗的橡木和窄叶灰的砍伐中进行了研究。为了在研究的货运代理上测量燃油消耗，安装了差动流量装置以及FMS（车队管理系统），用于数据传输。结果：燃油消耗以六种不同方式表示：循环，100 m的提取距离，时间（小时），负载质量（吨），总负载量（m3）以及质量与运输距离的乘积（tkm）。原木提取期间的燃料消耗量为0.56 l·tkm-1，能源木提取期间的燃料消耗量为0.78 l·tkm-1。结果还表明，随着提取过程中行进距离的增加，每吨运输负载所表达的燃料消耗量呈增加趋势。结论：以l·tkm-1表示的油耗是最准确的油耗指标，因为它可以对不同类型的具有不同负荷（t，m3），在不同抽气距离的机器进行现实的比较。与空载货运代理相比，空载货运代理的燃油消耗更高，这是因为空载货运代理的轮滑增加，这是由于原木和能源木材的提取中车轮与土壤之间的牵引力降低。

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