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Ecology and Management of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in Hungary

机译：匈牙利黑核桃（Juglans nigra L.）的生态与管理

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Background and Purpose: Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) was one of the first forest tree species introduced and acclimated from North America to Europe in the 17th century. Although native to North America, black walnut is now naturalized and widely planted throughout Europe. In Hungary, this species has played an important role in forest management. Black walnut can grow on various sites, but careful site selection and well-planned management practices are needed to produce successful plantations. Due to the increasing interest in black walnut growing in many countries this study complied with the aim of giving a summary on the base of research and improvement connected with the species over the past decades. Materials and Methods: Black walnut produces a well-closing, favourably differentiated stand structure in consequence of the great genetic diversity of single trees. It utilizes well the leaks of the tending cuttings. In this manner, because of its quick height growth, the systematic, individual selective method can be favourably combined with more frequent stem number reduction. The objective of tending should be to produce a high proportion of good quality saw logs from stands of yield class I, II, III and IV, and some other smaller-dimension industrial wood from stands of yield class V and VI. Conclusions: In Hungary, black walnut is one of the most valuable exotic tree species, mainly because of its wood excessively used in furniture industry. Black walnut is used in furniture industry both as solid wood and veneer. This species is among the most expensive furniture woods in the world due to its appealing surface figure and colour. Its wood is also used for making musical instruments, turned and carved ornaments, statues and marquetry. Black walnut stands are to be important in carbon sequestration, soil stabilization, and water quality protection as well.
机译：背景与目的：黑胡桃（Juglans nigra L.）是17世纪从北美引入并适应欧洲的首批林木树种之一。尽管黑胡桃原产于北美，但现已归化并在整个欧洲广泛种植。在匈牙利，该物种在森林管理中发挥了重要作用。黑胡桃可以在各种地点生长，但是要成功种植人工林，需要仔细的地点选择和精心计划的管理实践。由于在许多国家/地区对黑胡桃种植的兴趣日益浓厚，本研究旨在总结过去几十年来与该物种相关的研究和改良成果。材料和方法：黑核桃由于单株遗传多样性高，因此可以形成密闭性良好的林分结构。它很好地利用了趋向插条的泄漏。以这种方式，由于其快速的高度生长，可以有利地将系统的，个体的选择方法与更频繁的茎数减少相结合。抚育的目的应该是从产量等级I，II，III和IV的林分生产高比例的优质锯木，从产量等级V和VI的林分生产一些其他较小尺寸的工业木材。结论：在匈牙利，黑胡桃是最有价值的外来树种之一，主要是因为其木材在家具行业中使用过多。黑胡桃在家具工业中既用作实木又用作单板。由于其吸引人的表面形状和颜色，该物种是世界上最昂贵的家具木材之一。它的木材还用于制造乐器，车削和雕刻的装饰品，雕像和镶嵌物。黑胡桃木林对固碳，土壤稳定和水质保护也很重要。

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