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首页> 外文期刊>South-East European Forestry >Coppice Forest Management Planning and the Regeneration Potential of Pure and Mixed Oak Coppice Forests in North Macedonia
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Coppice Forest Management Planning and the Regeneration Potential of Pure and Mixed Oak Coppice Forests in North Macedonia

机译：马其顿北部的小灌木林管理规划和纯栎木和混交橡木小林的更新潜力

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Background and Purpose: Coppicing is the most widely used silvicultural system in North Macedonia and coppice forests together with shrubs cover cca. 69% of the forest cover area. Pure and mixed stands of oak coppice forests alone cover about 50% of the total forest area subject to current Forest Management Plans. In general, coppices are routinely managed, especially when coppicing as a system is planned to be continued. However, sustainability can be threatened if attention is not paid regarding the age of trees/stands and the presence of undesired tree species. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) quantitative and qualitative aspects of planned management activities in oak coppices throughout the country, (2) the resprouting potential of over-mature oak coppices, and (3) their potential for generative regeneration. Materials and Methods: We analyzed all official forest management plans in the country, in order to assess planned activities and the methods of management. Additionally, 21 experimental plots were set in order to determine the resprouting potential of over-mature (85 to 95 years) coppices of Quercus petraea and Q. frainneto which previously have been subject of clear-cutting. We took a total count of sprouts on all experimental plots, while generative regeneration seedlings were counted on 4 schematically positioned subplots in each experimental plot. Sprouts and generative seedlings were categorized by height. Results and Conclusions: According to the data from forest management plans, coppicing is planned to remain as a management system on 401,636 ha, of the total of 450,975 ha of oak coppice forests. Indirect conversion to high forests is planned on 39,137 ha, while direct conversion with substitution is planned for 10,202 ha. In field trials, resprouting was registered on only 38% of the stools. Generative regeneration was recorded in both oak species in numbers which indicate good potential for conversion of oak coppice stands into high forests by seed felling. However, numerous sprouts of other species (Corylus avellana, Fraxinus ornus, Acer heldreichii), which reach up to 3 meters in height within two seasons, are potentially dangerous for dominating oak seedlings.
机译：背景与目的：灌木丛是北马其顿和灌木林中最广泛使用的造林系统，灌木覆盖有cca。森林覆盖面积的69％。根据现行《森林管理计划》，仅纯橡木和混交林的林分覆盖了整个森林面积的约50％。通常，对coppepe进行例行管理，尤其是计划将copcoping作为一个系统继续进行时。但是，如果不注意树木/林分的年龄和不希望有的树种的存在，则可持续性可能受到威胁。这项研究的目的是确定：（1）在全国范围内计划进行的橡科动物的管理活动的数量和质量方面;（2）过成熟的橡树科动物的繁殖潜力，以及（3）它们产生生殖的潜力。材料和方法：我们分析了该国所有正式的森林管理计划，以便评估计划的活动和管理方法。此外，设置了21个实验地块，以确定过早（明确地被研究过）的栎（Quercus petraea）和Q.frainneto的过成熟（85至95年）种群的再发芽潜力。我们对所有实验样地的芽苗总数进行了统计，而在每个实验样地中的4个示意性定位的子样地上对生殖再生幼苗进行了计数。芽苗和种苗按身高分类。结果与结论：根据森林经营计划的数据，计划在401,636公顷的橡木小灌木林中保留copping作为管理系统。间接转换为高级森林的计划为39,137公顷，而替代直接转换为10,202公顷。在田间试验中，仅在38％的粪便上记录了发芽。记录了两种橡木树种的再生再生，这表明橡树小灌木林通过采伐转化为高森林的潜力很大。但是，在两个季节内达到3米高的其他种类的许多新芽（欧洲榛（Corylus avellana），欧洲蜡梅（Franxinus ornus），宏cer（Acer holdreichii））可能对主导橡树幼苗构成危险。

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