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The Realities of Community Based Natural Resource Management and Biodiversity Conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲基于社区的自然资源管理和生物多样性保护的现实

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This is an historic overview of conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa from pre-colonial times through the present. It demonstrates that Africans practiced conservation that was ignored by the colonial powers. The colonial market economy combined with the human and livestock population explosion of the 21st century are the major factors contributing to the demise of wildlife and critical habitat. Unique insight is provided into the economics of a representative safari company, something that has not been readily available to Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) practitioners. Modern attempts at sharing benefits from conservation with rural communities will fail due to the low rural resource to population ratio regardless of the model, combined with the uneven distribution of profits from safari hunting that drives most CBNRM programs, unless these ratios are changed. Low household incomes from CBNRM are unlikely to change attitudes of rural dwellers towards Western approaches to conservation. Communities must sustainably manage their natural areas as “green factories” for the multitude of natural resources they contain as a means of maximizing employment and thus household incomes, as well as meeting the often overlooked socio-cultural ties to wildlife and other natural resources, which may be as important as direct material benefits in assuring conservation of wildlife and its habitat. For CBNRM to be successful in the long-term, full devolution of ownership over land and natural resources must take place. In addition, as a means of relieving pressure on the rural resource base, this will require an urbanization process that creates a middleclass, as opposed to the current slums that form the majority of Africa’s cities, through industrialization that transforms the unique natural resources of the subcontinent (e.g., strategic minerals, petroleum, wildlife, hardwoods, fisheries, wild medicines, agricultural products, etc.) in Africa.
机译：这是从殖民地以前到现在的撒哈拉以南非洲保护区的历史性概述。它表明非洲人实行了被殖民大国忽视的保护措施。殖民市场经济与21世纪人口和牲畜数量的激增是造成野生动植物和重要栖息地消亡的主要因素。一家具有代表性的野生动物园公司的经济状况提供了独特的见解，而社区自然资源管理（CBNRM）的从业人员尚无法获得这些见解。不管采用哪种模式，由于农村资源与人口的比率低，再加上导致大多数CBNRM计划实施的狩猎狩猎利润分配不均，现代尝试与农村社区共享保护收益的尝试将失败。来自CBNRM的低家庭收入不太可能改变农村居民对西方保护方法的态度。社区必须可持续地将其自然地区作为“绿色工厂”来管理，因为它们所拥有的众多自然资源是最大程度地增加就业机会，从而增加家庭收入，满足与野生动植物和其他自然资源经常被忽视的社会文化联系的一种手段。在确保野生动植物及其栖息地保护方面，可能与直接物质利益一样重要。为了使CBNRM长期成功，必须将所有权完全转移到土地和自然资源上。此外，作为减轻对农村资源基础压力的一种手段，这将需要一个城市化进程，该进程要通过转变工业园区独特的自然资源的工业化来形成一个中产阶级，而不是目前构成非洲大多数城市的贫民窟。非洲次大陆（例如，战略性矿物，石油，野生生物，硬木，渔业，野生药物，农产品等）。

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