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A Multi-Tier Social-Ecological System Analysis of Protected Areas Co-Management in Belize

机译：伯利兹保护区共同管理的多层社会生态系统分析

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Co-management of protected areas has been recognized as a viable option to sustainably manage ecosystems. This collaborative approach actively engages civil society in the protected areas governance processes. Attempts at co-management, however, have not been uniformly successful; whereas the governance of some initiatives succeed and become strong and sustainable, others become weak or fail over time. In this paper, we provide a nuanced application of Ostrom’s multi-tier SES framework to carry out a systematic analysis of representative cases of co-management in Belize. This novel approach allows us to avoid the common problem of overstating the explanatory power of individual variables, while enabling us to tease out the interrelationships among critical process and contextual variables that may influence co-management outcomes. Our findings show that strong co-management is associated with a multiplicity of variables, including information sharing, conflict resolution, investments, self-organization, and networking. Contextual conditions inclusive of strong leadership, social capital, and high levels of dependence on resources for daily livelihoods seem to have influenced these processes over time. The presence of cross-scale and cross-level networks also seems to be important in influencing co-management outcomes. Our study contributes to the further development of Ostrom’s multi-tier SES framework by proposing the addition of five new third-tier variables. We advance some key lessons in the analysis of co-management outcomes and offer some policy recommendations to improve protected areas co-management policy and practice in Belize.
机译：共同管理保护区被认为是可持续管理生态系统的可行选择。这种合作方式使民间社会积极参与了保护区的治理程序。但是，共同管理的尝试并未取得统一的成功。随着时间的流逝，某些计划的治理成功并变得强大和可持续，而另一些则变得脆弱或失败。在本文中，我们提供了Ostrom多层SES框架的细微应用，以对伯利兹的代表性共同管理案例进行系统的分析。这种新颖的方法使我们避免了夸大单个变量的解释能力的普遍问题，同时使我们能够弄清关键过程和可能影响共同管理结果的上下文变量之间的相互关系。我们的发现表明，强大的协同管理与多种变量相关联，包括信息共享，冲突解决，投资，自组织和网络。随着时间的流逝，包括强大的领导力，社会资本以及对日常生活资源的高度依赖等环境条件似乎已经影响了这些过程。跨规模和跨级别的网络的存在似乎对影响共同管理的结果也很重要。我们的研究通过提议增加五个新的第三层变量，为Ostrom多层SES框架的进一步发展做出了贡献。我们在分析共同管理成果方面提供了一些重要的经验教训，并提供了一些政策建议，以改善伯利兹的保护区共同管理政策和实践。

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