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首页> 外文期刊>Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie >Visual interpretation of ASTER satellite data, Part 1: Geologic mapping in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site
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Visual interpretation of ASTER satellite data, Part 1: Geologic mapping in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site

机译：ASTER卫星数据的视觉解释，第1部分：人类世界遗产地的摇篮中的地质图

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Since the first earth observing satellite was launched in 1972, remote sensing has become a powerful tool in the arsenal of geoscientists. This satellite became known as Landsat 1 and carried the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) delivering imagery at a spatial resolution of 80, and spectral resolution from blue to near infrared. Ongoing satellite and sensor development to the end of the century produced the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) with improved spatial and spectral resolution, as well as the SPOT series of satellites delivering the highest spatial but limited spectral resolution. These developments culminated in the SPOT 4 (1998) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (1999) sensors. While Landsat ETM in particular provided much improved spatial and spectral resolutions, on the basis of which a large amount of geoscientific remote sensing was conducted world wide, the data did not provide adequate spectral and spatial sensitivity to be optimally effective for geological mapping at the local scale. On 18 December 1999 the Terra platform was launched, carrying five remote sensing instruments, including ASTER (Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer). ASTER consists of three separate instrument subsystems, each operating in a different spectral region, and using separate optical systems. These are the Visible and Very Near Infrared (VNIR) subsystem with a 15m-spatial resolution, the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) subsystem with a 30m-spatial resolution and the Thermal Infrared (TIR) subsystem with a 90m-spatial resolution. ASTER effectively offers an improvement on Landsat MSS, Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+ and SPOT spectral and spatial resolutions. Given the paucity of published research on geological remote sensing at the local scale in South Africa, and particularly on the use of ASTER for geological mapping in South Africa, it is imperative that the value of ASTER be investigated. This article reports on the improved detail and scale achieved in the mapping of litho-stratigraphy, geological structures and mining-related features by the visual interpretation of processed ASTER images. ASTER imagery obtained from the EOS website was subjected to a range of image enhancement and analysis techniques including colour composites, band ratios, normalised difference indices, regression and decorrelation, in order to obtain optimal visual interpretability. Eight images thus obtained could be used for visual analysis, and it became evident that litho-stratigraphy, faults, fracture zones and elements of the regional seam system, as well as remnants of mining activities, were readily identifiable. Some of these were in accordance with the most recent and accurate geological map of the area, but many of them had apparently not been mapped. These features were annotated and were verified by field checks. In all cases the accuracy of detection and location from satellite imagery was confirmed on the ground. The improved detail and accuracy obtained by visual interpretation of processed ASTER satellite data for mapping a section of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site demonstrated the potential value of this data for a variety of other geoscience applications. It appears that the improved accuracy can be ascribed jointly to the higher spatial and spectral resolution provided by ASTER data.?
机译：自1972年发射第一颗地球观测卫星以来，遥感已成为地球科学家的强大工具。这颗卫星被称为Landsat 1，并搭载了多光谱扫描仪（MSS），可提供80的空间分辨率和从蓝色到近红外的光谱分辨率的图像。到本世纪末，卫星和传感器的不断发展产生了具有改进的空间和光谱分辨率的Landsat专题测绘仪（TM），以及提供最高空间但光谱分辨率有限的SPOT系列卫星。这些发展最终出现在SPOT 4（1998）和Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper（1999）传感器上。尽管Landsat ETM特别提供了大大改善的空间和光谱分辨率，但在此基础上在世界范围内进行了大量的地球科学遥感，但数据并未提供足够的光谱和空间灵敏度，无法对当地的地质制图产生最佳效果规模。 1999年12月18日，Terra平台启动，运载了五种遥感仪器，包括ASTER（先进的星载热发射和反射辐射仪）。 ASTER由三个独立的仪器子系统组成，每个子系统在不同的光谱区域内运行，并使用独立的光学系统。这些是分辨率为15m的可见光和非常近红外（VNIR）子系统，分辨率为30m的短波红外（SWIR）子系统和分辨率为90m的热红外（TIR）子系统。 ASTER有效地改善了Landsat MSS，Landsat TM，Landsat ETM +和SPOT的光谱和空间分辨率。鉴于南非在地方尺度上有关地质遥感的已发表研究很少，特别是在南非使用ASTER进行地质制图方面，因此必须对ASTER的价值进行研究。本文报告了通过对已处理的ASTER图像进行可视化解释，在绘制岩石地层，地质结构和与采矿有关的特征时所获得的改进的细节和比例。从EOS网站获得的ASTER图像经过了一系列图像增强和分析技术，包括颜色合成，带比，归一化差异指数，回归和去相关，以获得最佳的视觉解释性。这样获得的八幅图像可以用于视觉分析，并且很明显地可以识别出岩石地层，断层，断裂带和区域煤层系统的要素以及采矿活动的残余物。其中一些符合该地区最新，最准确的地质图，但其中许多显然未作图。对这些功能进行了注释，并通过现场检查进行了验证。在所有情况下，地面上都可以确认卫星图像的检测和定位的准确性。通过视觉解释处理过的ASTER卫星数据以绘制人类世界遗产地的摇篮的一部分而获得的细节和准确性的提高，证明了该数据对于多种其他地球科学应用的潜在价值。看来，提高的准确性可以归因于ASTER数据提供的更高的空间和光谱分辨率。

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