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Assessment of Fertilizer Policy, Farmers’ Perceptions and Implications for Future Agricultural Development in Nepal

机译：评估肥料政策，农民的看法以及对尼泊尔未来农业发展的启示

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This paper assesses the origins of and changes to fertilizer policy in Nepal over a period of time. It assesses farmers’ awareness of the recent changes to the subsidy policy and examines their perceptions of the extension services. This paper looks at the environmental implications of the concentrated application of chemical fertilizer, particularly as far as food security is concerned. Questionnaire surveys, group discussions, a workshop, soil analyses and archival materials were used to collect data for this study. Changes in fertilizer policy have occurred in four different phases: (i) without subsidy; (ii) with subsidy; (iii) with deregulation of fertilizer trade; and (iv) the current phase of subsidies for fertilizer. However, timely and effective fertilizer distribution by the government has always been a problem. Only few farmers (12 %) know about recent changes in the fertilizer policy; most of them (44 %) were satisfied with the new subsidy scheme. Valid proof of land ownership is a requirement for qualifying for subsidized fertilizer, and this makes it difficult for some small farmers who are tenant. The soil analysis indicated a significant decrease in the soil pH as a result of intensified agriculture. One reason is due to the intensive use of chemical fertilizers and the declining use of farmyard manure. The ineffectiveness of the extension services also influences farmers’ use of fertilizer as they are not aware of which fertilizer and how much to use. The use of fertilizer may increase yields in the short term, but in the longer term, it may worsen the food insecurity in the country.
机译：本文评估了一段时间内尼泊尔肥料政策的由来和变化。它评估了农民对补贴政策最近变化的认识，并检验了他们对推广服务的看法。本文着眼于化学肥料集中应用对环境的影响，特别是在粮食安全方面。问卷调查，小组讨论，讲习班，土壤分析和档案材料被用来收集这项研究的数据。化肥政策的变化发生在四个不同的阶段：（i）没有补贴; （ii）有补贴; （iii）放松对肥料贸易的管制; （iv）目前的肥料补贴阶段。但是，政府及时有效地分配肥料一直是一个问题。只有很少的农民（占12％）知道最近施肥政策的变化。他们中的大多数（44％）对新的补贴计划感到满意。有效的土地所有权证明是有资格获得补贴肥料的条件，这对一些租户的小农来说很困难。土壤分析表明，集约化农业导致土壤pH值显着下降。原因之一是由于化学肥料的大量使用和农家肥料的使用减少。推广服务的无效性也影响了农民对肥料的使用，因为他们不知道使用哪种肥料以及使用多少肥料。肥料的使用可能会在短期内增加产量，但从长远来看，可能会使该国的粮食不安全状况恶化。

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