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Clinical management of smoking cessation: patient factors affecting a reward-based approach

机译：戒烟的临床管理：影响基于奖励的方法的患者因素

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Abstract: Although the majority of current smokers indicate they would like to quit, only about half of smokers make a quit attempt each year. Of those who attempt to quit, only about 5% are successful. Many effective products and programs are available to assist in smoking cessation; however those interested in quitting often do not make use of these resources. To increase use of cessation products in order to improve successful cessation rates, the Consumer Demand Roundtable has argued that smokers need to be viewed as consumers of cessation products rather than as patients needing treatment. With this consumer-based approach in mind, the current review examines how participant characteristics, perceptions, and behavior influence, and are influenced by, contingency management (CM) paradigms in various settings. Findings suggest that participant factors associated with success in these programs include demographic characteristics (eg, gender, marital status), self-efficacy, motivation to quit, and impulsivity. Overall, participants perceive incentives for successful cessation as motivating. However, such programs may involve greater withdrawal symptoms (eg, craving for cigarettes) initially, but these symptoms tend to decrease at a greater rate over time compared with nonincentive group participants. CM programs have also been shown to be successful across a number of settings (eg, communities, schools), including settings in which smokers are often considered difficult to treat (eg, substance abuse treatment centers). Overall, CM programs are perceived positively by participants and can increase rates of successful cessation. Furthermore, CM interventions have the flexibility to adapt to individual preferences and needs, leading to greater participation and likelihood of successful cessation. Thus, CM provides an important framework for addressing the need for consumer-focused smoking cessation interventions.
机译：摘要：尽管目前大多数吸烟者表示愿意戒烟，但每年只有大约一半的吸烟者尝试戒烟。在那些尝试戒烟的人中，只有约5％成功。有许多有效的产品和计划可帮助戒烟;但是那些对退出感兴趣的人通常不会利用这些资源。为了增加戒烟产品的使用率以提高戒烟成功率，消费者需求圆桌会议认为，吸烟者应被视为戒烟产品的消费者，而不是需要治疗的患者。考虑到这种基于消费者的方法，当前的评估研究了参与者的特征，看法和行为如何在各种情况下影响应急管理模式，并受其影响。研究结果表明，与这些计划成功相关的参与者因素包括人口统计学特征（例如性别，婚姻状况），自我效能感，戒烟动机和冲动性。总体而言，参与者将成功戒烟的动机视为动机。但是，此类计划最初可能涉及更大的戒断症状（例如，渴望吸烟），但与无动机的小组参与者相比，这些症状会随着时间的推移以更大的速度减少。事实证明，CM计划在许多场所（例如社区，学校）中都是成功的，包括通常认为吸烟者难以治疗的场所（例如药物滥用治疗中心）。总体而言，参与者对CM项目的看法是积极的，并且可以提高戒烟成功率。此外，CM干预措施具有适应个人喜好和需求的灵活性，从而导致更大的参与度和成功戒烟的可能性。因此，CM为解决以消费者为中心的戒烟干预措施的需求提供了重要的框架。

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