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Calcinosis Cutis

机译：皮肤角质病

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Calcinosis cutis means that aberrant calcium deposits have developed in the skin andsubcutaneous tissue of the patient. According to the etiology four types of calcinosiscutis have been described: dystrophic, metastatic, iatrogenic and idiopathic. Dystrophiccalcinosis is a calcification associated with infection, inflammatory process, cutaneousneoplasm or connective tissue disorders (juvenile dermatomyositis, systemic lupuserythematous and systemic sclerosis). Metastatic calcinosis cutis results from anelevated calcium or phosphate level in a child with cancer. Subepidermal calcifiednodules and tumoral calcinosis are idiopathic form of calcifications. Idiopathic calcinosisas the names implies has no known cause for the calcinosis or when neither localtissue damage nor systemic metabolic disorder can be demonstrated. In all types ofcalcinosis cutis insoluble compounds of calcium (hydroxyapatite crystals or amorphouscalcium phosphate) are deposited within the skin due to local or systemic factors.Commonly the skin and subcutaneous fat are involved, but deeper tissues such asmuscle and visceral organs might also be affected. When muscle is affected this mightcause contractures. If the calcium extrudes it will cause local ulceration andinflammation. Should the biopsy revealed calcinosis cutis serum calcium, serumphosphorus and ALP should be obtained along with a detailed history and physicalexam looking for a malignant process, collagen vascular disease, renal insufficiency,excessive milk ingestion or Vitamin D poisoning. There is a very rare idiopathiccalcinosis cutis known as milia-like characterized by multiple whitish to skin colored,firm, tiny milia-like papules mostly in the hands and feet. This subtype is equallyfrequent in both sexes and most commonly found in childhood and disappearsspontaneously by adulthood without scarring. This milia-type has been associated withDown syndrome. Surgical excision of calcinosis cutis is both needed for establishing adiagnosis and symptomatic relief.
机译：皮肤角质层结石意味着在患者的皮肤和皮下组织中出现了异常的钙沉积物。根据病因，已描述了四种类型的皮肤钙化病：营养不良，转移性，医源性和特发性。营养不良性钙化病是与感染，炎性过程，皮肤肿瘤或结缔组织疾病（青少年皮肌炎，系统性红斑狼疮和全身性硬化症）相关的钙化。癌症儿童的钙或磷酸盐水平升高是导致皮肤转移性角质病的原因。表皮下钙化结节和肿瘤性钙化病是钙化的特发性形式。特发性钙化病，顾名思义，尚无已知的钙化病病因，也未发现局部组织损害或全身性代谢异常。在所有类型的钙化病中，由于局部或全身因素，钙的不溶性钙化合物（羟基磷灰石晶体或无定形磷酸钙）沉积在皮肤内，通常累及皮肤和皮下脂肪，但也可能影响更深的组织，例如肌肉和内脏器官。当肌肉受到影响时，可能会引起挛缩。如果钙挤出，将引起局部溃疡和发炎。如果活检显示皮肤钙质沉着病，应获取详细的病史和体检，以了解恶性过程，胶原蛋白血管疾病，肾功能不全，过量摄入乳汁或维生素D中毒，并应获取角质层钙化，血清磷和ALP。有一种非常罕见的特发性钙化病，称为m样，其特征是多发于皮肤的白色，坚固，微小的m样丘疹丘疹，多见于手和脚。该亚型在男女中都同样常见，最常见于儿童期，成年后自发消失而无疤痕。这种纤毛类型与唐氏综合症有关。建立诊断和缓解症状都需要外科手术切除角质样皮肤。

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