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首页> 外文期刊>Pathogens >The Cytological Events and Molecular Control of Life Cycle Development of Trypanosoma brucei in the Mammalian Bloodstream
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The Cytological Events and Molecular Control of Life Cycle Development of Trypanosoma brucei in the Mammalian Bloodstream

机译：哺乳动物血流中锥虫锥虫生命周期发育的细胞学事件和分子控制

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摘要

African trypanosomes cause devastating disease in sub-Saharan Africa in humans and livestock. The parasite lives extracellularly within the bloodstream of mammalian hosts and is transmitted by blood-feeding tsetse flies. In the blood, trypanosomes exhibit two developmental forms: the slender form and the stumpy form. The slender form proliferates in the bloodstream, establishes the parasite numbers and avoids host immunity through antigenic variation. The stumpy form, in contrast, is non-proliferative and is adapted for transmission. Here, we overview the features of slender and stumpy form parasites in terms of their cytological and molecular characteristics and discuss how these contribute to their distinct biological functions. Thereafter, we describe the technical developments that have enabled recent discoveries that uncover how the slender to stumpy transition is enacted in molecular terms. Finally, we highlight new understanding of how control of the balance between slender and stumpy form parasites interfaces with other components of the infection dynamic of trypanosomes in their mammalian hosts. This interplay between the host environment and the parasite’s developmental biology may expose new vulnerabilities to therapeutic attack or reveal where drug control may be thwarted by the biological complexity of the parasite’s lifestyle.
机译：非洲锥虫在撒哈拉以南非洲的人类和牲畜中造成毁灭性疾病。寄生虫生活在哺乳动物宿主血流的细胞外，并通过采血采采蝇传播。锥虫在血液中表现出两种发育形式：细长形式和残端形式。纤细的形式在血液中扩散，建立寄生虫数量，并通过抗原变异避免宿主免疫。相反，树桩形式是不扩散的，适于传播。在这里，我们概述了细长和块状形式的寄生虫的细胞学和分子特征，并讨论了它们如何促进其独特的生物学功能。此后，我们描述了使最近的发现得以实现的技术发展，这些发现揭示了如何从分子角度实现从细长到由块状过渡的过程。最后，我们重点介绍了如何控制细长寄生虫和块状寄生虫之间的平衡，以及它们在哺乳动物宿主中锥虫感染动力学的其他组成部分之间的相互作用。宿主环境与寄生虫的发育生物学之间的这种相互作用可能使新的脆弱性暴露于治疗性攻击中，或者揭示了寄生虫生活方式的生物学复杂性可能会阻碍药物控制的地方。

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