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Antimicrobial Peptides in 2014

机译：2014年抗菌肽

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This article highlights new members, novel mechanisms of action, new functions, and interesting applications of antimicrobial peptides reported in 2014. As of December 2014, over 100 new peptides were registered into the Antimicrobial Peptide Database, increasing the total number of entries to 2493. Unique antimicrobial peptides have been identified from marine bacteria, fungi, and plants. Environmental conditions clearly influence peptide activity or function. Human α-defensin HD-6 is only antimicrobial under reduced conditions. The pH-dependent oligomerization of human cathelicidin LL-37 is linked to double-stranded RNA delivery to endosomes, where the acidic pH triggers the dissociation of the peptide aggregate to release its cargo. Proline-rich peptides, previously known to bind to heat shock proteins, are shown to inhibit protein synthesis. A model antimicrobial peptide is demonstrated to have multiple hits on bacteria, including surface protein delocalization. While cell surface modification to decrease cationic peptide binding is a recognized resistance mechanism for pathogenic bacteria, it is also used as a survival strategy for commensal bacteria. The year 2014 also witnessed continued efforts in exploiting potential applications of antimicrobial peptides. We highlight 3D structure-based design of peptide antimicrobials and vaccines, surface coating, delivery systems, and microbial detection devices involving antimicrobial peptides. The 2014 results also support that combination therapy is preferred over monotherapy in treating biofilms.
机译：本文重点介绍了2014年报道的抗菌肽的新成员，新的作用机理，新功能和有趣的应用。截至2014年12月，抗菌肽数据库中已注册了100多种新肽，使条目总数增加到2493。已经从海洋细菌，真菌和植物中鉴定出独特的抗菌肽。环境条件明显影响肽的活性或功能。人α-防御素HD-6仅在降低的条件下才具有抗菌作用。人cathelicidin LL-37的pH依赖性低聚与将双链RNA传递至内体有关，其中酸性pH触发了肽聚集体的解离，从而释放了其货物。富含脯氨酸的肽，以前已知与热激蛋白结合，显示出抑制蛋白合成的作用。示范性的抗菌肽被证明对细菌具有多重打击，包括表面蛋白的脱位。虽然减少阳离子肽结合的细胞表面修饰是病原菌公认的抗性机制，但它也被用作共生菌的生存策略。 2014年，我们也继续努力开发抗菌肽的潜在应用。我们着重介绍基于3D结构的肽类抗菌剂和疫苗，表面涂层，递送系统以及涉及抗菌肽的微生物检测设备的设计。 2014年的结果还支持在治疗生物膜方面，联合疗法优于单一疗法。

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