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Complex instantons in sigma models with chemical potential

机译:具有化学势的sigma模型中的复杂瞬间

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We analyze two-dimensional nonlinear sigma models at nonzero chemical potentials, which are governed by a complex action. In the spirit of contour deformations (thimbles), we extend the fields into the complex plane, which allows us to incorporate the chemical potentials μ as twisted boundary conditions. We write down the equations of motion and find exact BPS-like solutions in terms of pairs of (anti)holomorphic functions, in particular generalizations of unit charge and fractional instantons to generic μ . The decay of these solutions is controlled by the imaginary part of μ and a vanishing imaginary part causes jumps in the action. We analyze how the total charge is distributed into localized objects and to what extent these are characterized by topology.
机译:我们分析了非零化学势下的二维非线性sigma模型,该模型由复杂的行为控制。本着轮廓变形(顶针)的精神,我们将场扩展到复杂平面中,这使我们能够将化学势μ纳入扭曲的边界条件。我们记下运动方程,并根据成对的(反)全纯函数,特别是单位电荷和分数瞬时数对泛型μ的泛化,找到类似BPS的精确解。这些解的衰减由μ的虚数部分控制,虚数部分的消失会导致作用跳变。我们分析了总电荷如何分布到局部对象中以及这些对象在多大程度上具有拓扑特征。

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