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首页> 外文期刊>Physical Review X >Generalized Liquid Crystals: Giant Fluctuations and the Vestigial Chiral Order of I , O , and T Matter
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Generalized Liquid Crystals: Giant Fluctuations and the Vestigial Chiral Order of I , O , and T Matter

机译：广义液晶：巨涨落和I，O和T物质的前手征阶

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The physics of nematic liquid crystals has been the subject of intensive research since the late 19th century. However, the focus of this pursuit has been centered around uniaxial and biaxial nematics associated with constituents bearing a D ∞ h or D 2 h symmetry, respectively. In view of general symmetries, however, these are singularly special since nematic order can in principle involve any point-group symmetry. Given the progress in tailoring nanoparticles with particular shapes and interactions, this vast family of “generalized nematics” might become accessible in the laboratory. Little is known because the order parameter theories associated with the highly symmetric point groups are remarkably complicated, involving tensor order parameters of high rank. Here, we show that the generic features of the statistical physics of such systems can be studied in a highly flexible and efficient fashion using a mathematical tool borrowed from high-energy physics: discrete non-Abelian gauge theory. Explicitly, we construct a family of lattice gauge models encapsulating nematic ordering of general three-dimensional point-group symmetries. We find that the most symmetrical generalized nematics are subjected to thermal fluctuations of unprecedented severity. As a result, novel forms of fluctuation phenomena become possible. In particular, we demonstrate that a vestigial phase carrying no more than chiral order becomes ubiquitous departing from high point-group symmetry chiral building blocks, such as I , O , and T symmetric matter.
机译：自19世纪末以来，向列液晶的物理学一直是深入研究的主题。然而，这种追求的焦点集中在分别与对称性为D∞h或D 2 h的成分相关的单轴和双轴向列。但是，鉴于一般对称性，它们是特殊的，因为向列顺序原则上可以涉及任何点组对称性。鉴于在定制具有特定形状和相互作用的纳米粒子方面取得的进展，这种庞大的“广义向列相”家族可能会在实验室中变得可用。鲜为人知的是，与高度对称的点群相关的阶次参数理论非常复杂，涉及高阶张量阶次参数。在这里，我们表明可以使用从高能物理学借来的数学工具：离散非阿贝尔规范理论，以高度灵活和高效的方式研究此类系统的统计物理学的一般特征。明确地，我们构造了一系列晶格规模型，封装了一般三维点组对称的向列顺序。我们发现最对称的广义向列会遭受前所未有的严重性的热波动。结果，新形式的波动现象成为可能。尤其是，我们证明了携带不超过手性顺序的残留相变得无处不在，脱离了高点组对称手性结构单元，例如I，O和T对称物质。

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