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Quantum Bidding in Bridge

机译:桥中的量子竞标

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Quantum methods allow us to reduce communication complexity of some computational tasks, with several separated partners, beyond classical constraints. Nevertheless, experimental demonstrations of this have thus far been limited to some abstract problems, far away from real-life tasks. We show here, and demonstrate experimentally, that the power of reduction of communication complexity can be harnessed to gain an advantage in a famous, immensely popular, card game—bridge. The essence of a winning strategy in bridge is efficient communication between the partners. The rules of the game allow only a specific form of communication, of very low complexity (effectively, one has strong limitations on the number of exchanged bits). Surprisingly, our quantum technique does not violate the existing rules of the game (as there is no increase in information flow). We show that our quantum bridge auction corresponds to a biased nonlocal Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt game, which is equivalent to a 2→1 quantum random access code. Thus, our experiment is also a realization of such protocols. However, this correspondence is not complete, which enables the bridge players to have efficient strategies regardless of the quality of their detectors.
机译:量子方法使我们能够减少一些计算任务的通信复杂性,并通过几个独立的伙伴,超越了传统的约束条件。尽管如此,到目前为止,有关此问题的实验演示仅限于一些抽象问题,与现实生活中的任务相去甚远。我们在这里展示并通过实验证明,可以利用降低通信复杂性的功能在著名的,非常流行的纸牌游戏中获得优势。桥梁中获胜策略的本质是合作伙伴之间的有效沟通。游戏规则仅允许一种特定形式的通信,这种通信的复杂度非常低(实际上,对交换位的数量有严格的限制)。令人惊讶的是,我们的量子技术没有违反游戏的现有规则(因为信息流没有增加)。我们表明,我们的量子桥拍卖对应于有偏向的非局部Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt游戏,它等效于2→1量子随机访问码。因此,我们的实验也是这种协议的实现。但是,这种对应关系并不完整,这使得桥牌游戏玩家可以采取有效的策略,而不管其探测器的质量如何。

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