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Investigation on the incidence of Plum pox virus in fruit nurseries of the Czech Republic

机译：捷克共和国水果苗圃中梅花病毒的发病率调查

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Nine different visual evaluations of Plum pox virus (PPV) presence were carried out in four nurseries during 2012–2015. Results of visual evaluation were verified by ELISA. The presence of PPV was confirmed by ELISA in all the trees showing PPV symptoms. PPV has never been detected by ELISA in trees without PPV symptoms on leaves. A very low occurrence of PPV was proved in plums in all the four nurseries. There were two cases of higher occurrence of PPV in plum cultivars, where PPV originated from infected grafts. The PPV occurrence was 0.126 and 1.59%. The average occurrence of PPV in plums was 0.075%, 93 trees out of 123 630 inspected were PPV-infected. All the PPV-infected trees were destroyed immediately. No new PPV infection was proved later in season (August–September). In comparison with the situation in the 60s of the last century, the PPV occurrence in plums was 2.48% in one nursery in 1963 and there were nurseries with PPV occurrence exceeding 5%. All growing plants were destroyed in this case. The occurrence of PPV in the Czech fruit nurseries today is more than hundred times lower in comparison with the situation fifty years ago. The incidental occurrence of PPV in nurseries cannot be excluded in countries and areas with the endemic presence of PPV (in the Czech Republic and in most European countries). Visual inspection of PPV symptoms in nurseries confirmed by ELISA testing is sufficient. Infected plants must be removed immediately.
机译：在2012-2015年期间，在四个托儿所中对九种李子痘病毒（PPV）的存在进行了九种不同的视觉评估。视觉评价的结果通过ELISA验证。通过ELISA确认了在所有显示PPV症状的树木中PPV的存在。 ELISA从未在叶片上没有PPV症状的树木中检测到PPV。在所有四个苗圃中，李子中PPV的发生率都非常低。在李子品种中，PPV发生率较高的有两个案例，其中PPV源自受感染的嫁接。 PPV发生率为0.126和1.59％。李子中PPV的平均发生率为0.075％，在被检查的123630个树中有93棵被PPV感染。所有被PPV感染的树木均被立即摧毁。在季节的后期（8月至9月）没有新的PPV感染被证明。与上世纪60年代的情况相比，1963年一个托儿所的李子PPV发生率为2.48％，并且有超过5％的托儿所发生。在这种情况下，所有生长中的植物都被破坏了。与五十年前的情况相比，今天捷克水果苗圃中PPV的发生率降低了一百多倍。在有PPV流行的国家和地区（在捷克共和国和大多数欧洲国家），不能排除在苗圃中偶然发生PPV。通过ELISA检测证实，目视检查托儿所的PPV症状已足够。感染的植物必须立即清除。

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