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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Pathology Journal >Field Application of Chitosan and Moringa oleifera Extracts as Fungicides Alternatives to Control Early Blight and Improvement Growth and Yield Quality of Potato
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Field Application of Chitosan and Moringa oleifera Extracts as Fungicides Alternatives to Control Early Blight and Improvement Growth and Yield Quality of Potato

机译：壳聚糖和辣木提取物作为杀真菌剂替代品在野外的应用，以控制马铃薯的早疫病并改善马铃薯的生长和产量

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Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of Moringa oleifera seed oil (MSO), leaves extract (MLE) and chitosan (CH) alone or in combined treatments as fungicides alternatives in control of early blight disease of potato plants caused by Alternaria solani . Materials and Methods: Different concentrations of MLE, MSO and CH against linear growth and spore germination of A. solani were carried out on PDA medium in vitro . Under field conditions, the promising/effective single or combined (mixture) concentrations of MLE, MSO and CH treatments were applied as foliar applications during two season 2014 and 2015. The beneficial effects of such treatments on control of early blight, plant growth, total tuber yield as well as enzymatic actives (chitinase and β-1, 3-gluconase) were evaluated. Duncan?s multiple range test was used for means separation. Results: In vitro , chitosan at 4.0 and 6.0 g L?1, MSO at 3.0%, CH+MSO at 1 g L?1+1.5% or 2 g L?1+1.0% and mixture of CH+MLE+MSO at 2 g L?1+20%+1.5% resulted in complete reduction of linear growth and sporulation of A. solani . Under field conditions, combined treatments of CH, MLE and MSO successfully suppressed early blight of potato plants during 2014 and 2015 seasons. The highest records of disease reduction was obtained with the mixture of CH+MLE+MSO (1.0 g L?1+20%+1.5%) followed by CH+MSO (2.0 g L?1+1.5%) and CH+MLE (2.0 g L?1+20%) treatments, which reduced the early blight disease severity by 94.4, 88.2, 84.4% and 92.8, 85.2, 80.8% during two growing seasons, respectively. Such treatments resulted increasing of tuber yield and chitinase and β-1, 3-gluconase enzymes activity compared with untreated plants. Conclusion: Chitosan (CH), Moringa oleifera seed oil (MSO) and leaves extract (MLE) resulted in complete growth reduction of A. solani and successfully control the early blight disease and improved the growth and tuber yield of potato under field conditions. Chitosan and M. oleifera extracts may be used for controlling early blight disease of potato plants under field conditions as natural fungicide substitute of chemical fungicides.
机译：目的：评估辣木种子油（MSO），叶片提取物（MLE）和壳聚糖（CH）单独使用或联合使用作为杀菌剂替代品对防治链格孢菌引起的马铃薯白叶枯病的有效性。索拉尼材料与方法：在PDA培养基上进行了不同浓度的MLE，MSO和CH，以抑制茄形线虫的线性生长和孢子萌发。在田间条件下，MLE，MSO和CH处理的有前途/有效浓度的MLE，MSO和CH处理已在2014年和2015年的两个季节作为叶面施用。这些处理对控制早疫病，植物生长，总产量的有益作用评估了块茎产量以及酶促活性物质（几丁质酶和β-1、3-葡聚糖酶）。邓肯的多范围测试用于均值分离。结果：体外，壳聚糖分别为4.0和6.0 g L ？1 ，MSO为3.0％，CH + MSO为1 g L ？1 + 1.5％或2 g L ？1 + 1.0％和CH + MLE + MSO在2 g L的混合物？1 + 20％+ 1.5％导致线性生长和A孢子形成的完全减少索拉尼在田间条件下，CH，MLE和MSO的联合处理成功抑制了2014年和2015年季节马铃薯植株的早疫病。 CH + MLE + MSO（1.0 g L ？1 + 20％+ 1.5％）的混合物随后是CH + MSO（2.0 g L ？ 1 + 1.5％）和CH + MLE（2.0 g L ？1 + 20％）治疗，可将早期疫病严重程度降低94.4、88.2、84.4％和92.8、85.2在两个生长季节中分别达到80.8％。与未处理的植物相比，这种处理增加了块茎产量和几丁质酶以及β-1、3-葡萄糖酶的活性。结论：壳聚糖（CH），辣木籽油（MSO）和叶片提取物（MLE）能够完全降低茄农杆菌的生长，并成功地控制了田间病，从而有效控制了早疫病，提高了马铃薯的生长和块茎产量。壳聚糖和油橄榄分枝杆菌提取物可在田间条件下作为马铃薯化学杀菌剂的天然杀真菌剂替代品，用于防治马铃薯的早疫病。

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