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Genetic compensation: A phenomenon in search of mechanisms

机译:遗传补偿:寻找机制的现象

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Several recent studies in a number of model systems including zebrafish, Arabidopsis, and mouse have revealed phenotypic differences between knockouts (i.e., mutants) and knockdowns (e.g., antisense-treated animals). These differences have been attributed to a number of reasons including off-target effects of the antisense reagents. An alternative explanation was recently proposed based on a zebrafish study reporting that genetic compensation was observed in egfl7 mutant but not knockdown animals. Dosage compensation was first reported in Drosophila in 1932, and genetic compensation in response to a gene knockout was first reported in yeast in 1969. Since then, genetic compensation has been documented many times in a number of model organisms; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. In this review, we revisit studies reporting genetic compensation in higher eukaryotes and outline possible molecular mechanisms, which may include both transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes.
机译:在包括斑马鱼,拟南芥和小鼠在内的许多模型系统中的几项最新研究表明,敲除物(即突变体)和敲除物(例如经反义处理的动物)之间存在表型差异。这些差异归因于多种原因,包括反义试剂的脱靶作用。最近根据斑马鱼研究提出了另一种解释,该研究报告了在egf17突变体中观察到遗传补偿,但在敲低动物中未观察到遗传补偿。剂量补偿最早于1932年在果蝇中报道,而对基因敲除作出反应的遗传补偿最早在1969年在酵母菌中报道。从那时起,许多模型生物已多次记录了遗传补偿。但是,我们对潜在分子机制的理解仍然有限。在这篇综述中,我们将回顾一些研究,这些研究报告了高级真核生物中的遗传补偿,并概述了可能的分子机制,其中可能包括转录和转录后过程。

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