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Early HIV Infection in the United States: A Virus's Eye View

机译：美国的早期HIV感染：病毒的观点

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Early after infection with HIV, the concentration of virus in the body increases rapidly before an immune system response begins to hold it under temporary control [1]. During that short time of elevated viral concentration, the infected individual may be much more infectious than at other times [2],[3]. At advanced infection, viral concentration can increase again, potentially leading to a late surge in infectiousness. However, the actual influence of each stage of infection on the onward spread of HIV does not depend just on the biology of the infection but also on the patterns of sexual partnership formation through which transmission can occur. Understanding the contributions of the different phases of infection to the onward spread of HIV is essential in planning effective interventions to control the epidemic. To estimate these contributions epidemiologists have previously resorted to mathematical models, but uncertainties in key parameters, as well as variability between populations, have contributed to a very wide range of model estimates of what proportion of transmissions occur during different stages—for early HIV infection (EHI), estimates range from less than 5% to more than 90% [4]. Therefore, new data on this topic are of substantial interest, and in this issue of PLOS Medicine, Erik Volz and colleagues [4] present a novel approach that opportunistically leverages genetic sequence data from a population of men who have sex with men in Detroit, Michigan, to add significantly to our understanding of HIV epidemic dynamics.
机译：在感染HIV的早期，机体中病毒的浓度迅速增加，然后免疫系统的反应开始将其控制在暂时的控制之下[1]。在短时间内病毒浓度升高的情况下，被感染的个体可能比其他时候更具感染力[2]，[3]。在晚期感染时，病毒浓度会再次升高，有可能导致后期传染性激增。但是，感染的每个阶段对HIV继续传播的实际影响不仅取决于感染的生物学特性，还取决于可以通过其传播的性伴侣形成的方式。在计划有效的干预措施以控制该流行病时，了解感染的不同阶段对艾滋病毒继续传播的影响至关重要。为了估算这些贡献，流行病学家以前曾使用数学模型，但是关键参数的不确定性以及人群之间的变异性导致了非常广泛的模型估算，这些估算是在早期艾滋病毒感染期间不同阶段传播的比例（ EHI），估计范围从不到5％到超过90％[4]。因此，有关此主题的新数据引起了广泛关注，在本期《 PLOS医学》中，Erik Volz及其同事[4]提出了一种新颖的方法，可以利用机会来利用来自底特律与男性发生性行为的男性人群的基因序列数据，密歇根州，大大增加了我们对艾滋病流行趋势的了解。

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