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Impact sanitaire des mesures de réduction de la pollution?: les réponses de l’épidémiologie

机译:减少污染措施对健康的影响?:流行病学对策

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The objective of this review is to synthesize all the recent studies (2011-early 2015), to report the key results, to understand the types of epidemiological studies and the statistical methods used and to develop recommendations for the establishment of epidemiological studies to detect the impact of changes in the levels of exposure.21 studies are identified (i.e. 26?publications), dealing with different types of interventions to reduce pollution. The studies are grouped according to the design of study. Studies with individual data collected, include 6?panel, 4?repeated cross-sectional and 2?cohort studies. Ecological studies are either temporal (5?studies), or geographical (1?study), or mixed (3?studies).In their majority, a positive effect of the interventions is highlighted. Health indicators are in almost all of the studies, indicators of respiratory and cardiovascular areas, more rarely in the field of neonatology.In the end, a wide variety of epidemiological studies can be used to demonstrate in a tangible way measurable improvements in the quality of the air and public health. But this requires: data representative of the situation before the intervention of a health and metrological point of view; to compare the indicators chosen between before and after the intervention, but also with an area and/or a period of reference; exposure assessment efforts; multivariate statistical analyses that can take into account the concurrent temporal changes to the intervention carried out.
机译:这篇综述的目的是综合所有最近的研究(2011年至2015年初),报告主要结果,了解流行病学研究的类型和所使用的统计方法,并为建立流行病学研究以发现传染病提供建议。暴露水平的变化所产生的影响。确定了21项研究(即26篇出版物),涉及不同类型的减少污染的干预措施。根据研究设计将研究分组。收集了单个数据的研究包括6个面板,4个重复横截面和2个队列研究。生态学研究既可以是时间性的(5项研究),也可以是地理性的(1项研究),也可以是混合性的(3项研究)。在几乎所有的研究中,健康指标都在呼吸和心血管领域的指标中,在新生儿科领域则很少。最后,各种各样的流行病学研究可以以切实的方式展示出可衡量的质量改善。空气和公共卫生。但这需要:在健康和计量学观点介入之前,代表情况的数据;比较干预前后之间选择的指标,并与一个领域和/或参考期进行比较;暴露评估工作;多变量统计分析,可以考虑到所进行的干预的同时时间变化。

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