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Emergency treatment of anaphylaxis in infants and children

机译:婴幼儿过敏性反应的紧急治疗

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute and potentially life-threatening condition, often in response to an allergen. Patients experiencing anaphylaxis can present with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular or gastrointestinal manifestations. Epinephrine given intramuscularly remains the mainstay of treatment for this condition. Other second-line therapies, such as inhaled beta-2 agonists, H1 and H2 receptor antagonists and corticosteroids, may play a role in resolving respiratory and cutaneous signs and symptoms. Biphasic reactions may occur during the resolution phase of symptoms and, thus, all patients should be observed for a minimum of 4 h to 6 h before discharge from hospital. On discharge, all patients should be prescribed epinephrine autoinjectors, and referred to an allergist or immunologist for further evaluation and education.
机译:过敏反应是一种严重的,急性的并且可能威胁生命的疾病,通常是对过敏原的反应。发生过敏反应的患者可出现皮肤,呼吸道,心血管或胃肠道表现。肌内注射肾上腺素仍然是该病治疗的主要手段。其他二线疗法,例如吸入式β-2激动剂,H1和H2受体拮抗剂和皮质类固醇,可能在解决呼吸道和皮肤症状方面发挥作用。在症状缓解阶段可能会发生双相反应,因此,在出院之前,应对所有患者进行至少4 h至6 h的观察。出院时,应为所有患者开具肾上腺素自动注射器,并转给过敏科或免疫学家进行进一步评估和教育。

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