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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastal Engineering >ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGNING COASTAL WATER INTAKES
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGNING COASTAL WATER INTAKES

机译：设计沿海取水口时的环境和工程注意事项

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Water intakes developed for coastal use often require special design considerations to ensure the incorporation of engineering features which are compatible with environmental protection. Due to the severity of the coastal zone environment, cooling water intakes for power generating facilities typically incorporate one of two possible designs: 1. A shoreline (surface) intake which could incorporate jetties, breakwaters, or inlet channels for wave protection and, when necessary, for retardation of sedimentary processes, or 2. An offshore, submerged intake connected via tunnel or pipeline to an onshore screen/pumphouse. Naturally, protection of structural integrity is of primary concern in designing and locating such intakes. Therefore, physical or hydraulic conditions are required to enhance plant reliability which may be adverse from an environmental viewpoint. As a result, it is often necessary to integrate additional provisions into intake designs which will mitigate potential adverse impacts resulting from plant operation. During the mid to late 1960s, as the size and number of power plants began to dramatically increase in the United States, various agencies responsible for protecting fish and wildlife were becoming increasingly alarmed that sport and commercial fisheries were being adversely affected by thermal discharges (Krenkel and Parker 1969). In response to this concern, various state and Federal regulations were promulgated to limit the effects of thermal discharges on aquatic biota. Various engineering options were developed to limit thermal effects. These options ranged from simply limiting the rise across the condenser, and therefore the ultimate temperature at the point of discharge, to employing various means of closed-cycle cooling, particularly at sites where water availability was limited (Parker and Krenkel 1969).
机译：为沿海用途开发的进水口通常需要特殊的设计考虑，以确保纳入与环境保护兼容的工程特征。由于沿海地区环境的严峻性，发电设施的冷却水进水口通常采用以下两种可能的设计之一：1.海岸线（水面）进水口可能包括码头，防波堤或进水道以保护波浪，必要时，以减缓沉积过程的速度，或2.通过隧道或管道连接到岸上的筛网/泵房的海上淹没进水口。自然地，在设计和定位此类进气口时，保护结构完整性是首要考虑的问题。因此，需要物理或液压条件来增强设备的可靠性，这从环境的角度来看可能是不利的。因此，通常有必要将其他规定整合到进气口设计中，以减轻工厂运营带来的潜在不利影响。在1960年代中期至后期，随着美国发电厂的规模和数量开始急剧增加，负责保护鱼类和野生动植物的各种机构越来越警惕体育和商业性渔业正受到热排放的不利影响（Krenkel和帕克（1969）。针对这种担忧，颁布了各种州和联邦法规，以限制热排放对水生生物的影响。开发了各种工程选择来限制热效应。这些选择的范围从简单地限制冷凝器上的升高，从而限制排放点的最终温度，到采用各种闭环冷却方式，尤其是在水供应有限的地方（Parker和Krenkel 1969）。

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