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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the Nutrition Society >Nutrition and physical activity for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia
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Nutrition and physical activity for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia

机译：营养和体育锻炼，预防和治疗与年龄有关的肌肉减少症

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Sarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is associated with adverse outcomes such as physical disability, impaired quality of life and increased mortality. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of sarcopenia. Potentially modifiable factors include nutrition and physical activity. Protein metabolism is central to the nutritional issues, along with other potentially modifying nutritional factors as energy balance and vitamin D status. An increasing but still incomplete knowledge base has generated recent recommendations on an increased protein intake in the elderly. Several factors beyond the total amount of protein consumed emerge as potentially important in this context. A recent summit examined three hypotheses: (1) A meal threshold; habitually consuming 25a€“30 g protein at breakfast, lunch and dinner provides sufficient protein to effectively stimulate muscle protein anabolism; (2) Protein quality; including high-quality protein at each meal improves postprandial muscle protein synthesis; and (3) performing physical activity in close temporal proximity to a high-quality protein meal enhances muscle anabolism. Optimising the potential for muscle protein anabolism by consuming an adequate amount of high-quality protein at each meal, in combination with physical activity, appears as a promising strategy to prevent or delay the onset of sarcopenia. However, results of interventions are inconsistent, and well-designed, standardised studies evaluating exercise or nutrition interventions are needed before guidelines can be developed for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia.
机译：肌肉减少症定义为骨骼肌质量和功能的丧失，与不良后果有关，例如身体残疾，生活质量受损和死亡率增加。肌肉减少症的发展涉及多种机制。潜在的可修改因素包括营养和身体活动。蛋白质代谢是营养问题的核心，另外还有其他可能改变营养的因素，例如能量平衡和维生素D状态。不断增加但仍不完整的知识库已为老年人增加蛋白质摄入量提出了最新建议。在这种情况下，超出蛋白质总消耗量的几个因素显得很重要。最近的一次峰会审查了三个假设：（1）用餐阈值;在早餐，午餐和晚餐时习惯性地消耗25至30克蛋白质可提供足够的蛋白质，以有效地刺激肌肉蛋白质合成代谢; （2）蛋白质质量;每餐含优质蛋白质可改善餐后肌肉的蛋白质合成; （3）在时间上紧靠高质量蛋白质粉进行体育锻炼会增强肌肉合成代谢。通过每餐进食适量的优质蛋白质以及体育锻炼来优化肌肉蛋白质合成的潜力，似乎是预防或延迟肌肉减少症发作的一种有前途的策略。但是，干预措施的结果不一致，在制定预防和治疗与年龄有关的肌肉减少症的指南之前，需要进行精心设计的标准化研究来评估运动或营养干预措施。

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