>Background: Humans seem to have a unique ability to consciously organize the flow of time (i.e., past, present, and future) and to intentionally choose goals and values (i.e., character: self, others, the universe). These two parts of human awareness have implications for individuals’ relation to a society that will flourish or perish. In fact, a balanced time perspective is suggested as necessary for the experience of well-being and optimal societal functioning. Nevertheless, low character development might be expressed as a Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate if individuals differ in their outlook on time depending on their dark character profiles. >Method: We re-analyzed data from a previous study in which participants (N = 338) responded to the Short Dark Triad Inventory and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. However, here we use the Dark Cube (Garcia, 2017a), a model of malevolent character based on Cloninger’s biopsychosocial theory of personality and in the assumption of a Dark Triad, thus, clustering individuals in eight profiles (i.e., the combination of high/low in three malevolent character traits). >Results: The results for each trait suggest multi-finality (i.e., same antecedents, different outcomes) and equifinality (i.e., different antecedents, same outcomes). For example, individuals high in narcissism presented a balanced time perspective when manipulative behavior was also high and psychopathy was low. >Conclusions: In certain conditions, malevolent character is associated to a balanced time perspective. Thus, suggesting that in order to understand well-being and optimal societal functioning, we need to look at human awareness in relation to both time (i.e., past, present, future) and space (i.e., character: self, others, the universe).
展开▼
机译：>背景：人类似乎具有独特的能力，能够自觉地组织时间流（即过去，现在和未来）并有目的地选择目标和价值观（即性格：自我，他人，宇宙）。人类意识的这两部分影响着个人与一个将繁荣或灭亡的社会的关系。实际上，对于幸福感和最佳社会功能的体验，建议采取平衡的时间观点。然而，低性格发展可能被表达为黑暗三合会：马基雅维利主义，自恋和精神病。在本研究中，我们旨在调查个人是否根据其黑暗角色特征在时间上有所不同。 >方法：我们重新分析了先前研究的数据，在该研究中，参与者（ N = 338）回答了“短黑三合会”库存和Zimbardo时间透视库存。然而，在这里，我们使用黑暗立方体（Garcia，2017a），这是一种基于克洛宁格的人格生物心理社会学理论并假设黑暗三合会的恶毒性格模型，因此，可以将个人分为八类（即高/三个恶毒的性格特征偏低）。 >结果：每个特征的结果都表明了多重决定性（即，相同的前提，不同的结果）和相等性（即，不同的前提，相同的结果）。例如，自恋程度高的人在操纵行为也高而精神病低时表现出均衡的时间观点。 >结论：在某些情况下，凶恶的性格与平衡的时间观相关。因此，建议为了理解幸福和最佳的社会功能，我们需要研究与时间（即过去，现在，未来）和空间（即性格：自我，他人，宇宙）有关的人类意识）。
展开▼
