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A loosening of habits

机译：习惯的放松

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摘要

We are not alone. From the day we are born, we carry with us hordes of microorganisms which, if all is going well, live off us while giving something in return. This micro-universe which is an integral part of our physiology has been called the microbiome. In the recent years, scientists have demonstrated the importance a microbiome has on our overall health; how it can influence our well-being as it can be at the heart of a disease. Take our mouths for instance. A mouth is home to billions of microorganisms with whom we share our life on a daily basis. However, when the balance between them and us is perturbed, it can cause discomforts such as periodontal disease, also known as gum disease or periodontitis. Periodontal disease is probably the doing of a variety of microorganisms, but there is one bacterium that seems to have a major role in its development: Porphyromonas gingivalis . P.gingivalis has filaments - or fimbriae - that protrude from its outer membrane and help the bacterium adhere, among other things, to host cells. The molecular structure of fimbriae is gradually emerging, as are the roles of the proteins that are part of it.
机译：我们并不孤单。从我们出生的那一天起，我们就会携带成群的微生物，如果一切顺利的话，它们将以我们为生，同时还提供一些回报。这个微宇宙是我们生理学不可或缺的一部分，被称为微生物组。近年来，科学家证明了微生物组对我们整体健康的重要性。它如何成为疾病的核心，如何影响我们的幸福。以我们的嘴为例。嘴巴是数十亿种微生物的家，我们每天与之分享我们的生活。但是，当我们与我们之间的平衡受到干扰时，会引起不适，例如牙周疾病，也称为牙龈疾病或牙周炎。牙周病可能是多种微生物引起的，但是似乎有一种细菌在其发展中起主要作用：牙龈卟啉单胞菌。牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有从其外膜突出的细丝或菌毛，除其他外，还可以帮助细菌粘附到宿主细胞上。菌毛的分子结构以及其中一部分蛋白质的作用正在逐渐显现。

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