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The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Project

机译：帕克斯脉冲星定时阵列项目

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A a€?pulsar timing arraya€? (PTA), in which observations of a large sample of pulsars spread across the celestial sphere are combined, allows investigation of a€?globala€? phenomena such as a background of gravitational waves or instabilities in atomic timescales that produce correlated timing residuals in the pulsars of the array. The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) is an implementation of the PTA concept based on observations with the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. A sample of 20 ms pulsars is being observed at three radio-frequency bands, 50 cm (~700 MHz), 20 cm (~1400 MHz), and 10 cm (~3100 MHz), with observations at intervals of two to three weeks. Regular observations commenced in early 2005. This paper describes the systems used for the PPTA observations and data processing, including calibration and timing analysis. The strategy behind the choice of pulsars, observing parameters, and analysis methods is discussed. Results are presented for PPTA data in the three bands taken between 2005 March and 2011 March. For 10 of the 20 pulsars, rms timing residuals are less than 1 ??s for the best band after fitting for pulse frequency and its first time derivative. Significant a€?reda€? timing noise is detected in about half of the sample. We discuss the implications of these results on future projects including the International Pulsar Timing Array and a PTA based on the Square Kilometre Array. We also present an a€?extended PPTAa€? data set that combines PPTA data with earlier Parkes timing data for these pulsars.
机译：一个脉冲星时序阵列（PTA）结合了对遍布天球的大量脉冲星样本的观测，可以对“全球”进行调查。诸如重力波背景或原子时标中的不稳定性之类的现象，会在阵列的脉冲星中产生相关的定时残差。帕克斯脉冲星定时阵列（PPTA）是基于帕克斯64米射电望远镜观测结果的PTA概念的实现。在三个无线电频带分别为50 cm（〜700 MHz），20 cm（〜1400 MHz）和10 cm（〜3100 MHz）的情况下，观察到一个20 ms脉冲星的样本，观察间隔为两到三周。常规观测始于2005年初。本文介绍了用于PPTA观测和数据处理（包括校准和时序分析）的系统。讨论了脉冲星选择，观测参数和分析方法背后的策略。呈现了2005年3月至2011年3月之间三个波段中PPTA数据的结果。对于20个脉冲星中的10个，在对脉冲频率及其一阶时间导数进行拟合之后，最佳频段的均方根时序残差小于1 ?? s。重大金额？在大约一半的样本中检测到定时噪声。我们讨论了这些结果对未来项目的影响，包括国际脉冲星计时阵列和基于平方公里阵列的PTA。我们还提出了一个扩展的PPTAa。数据集，将这些脉冲星的PPTA数据与早期的Parkes时序数据结合在一起。

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