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Radio Continuum Surveys with Square Kilometre Array Pathfinders

机译：使用平方公里阵列探路器进行无线电连续谱测量

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In the lead-up to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, several next-generation radio telescopes and upgrades are already being built around the world. These include APERTIF (The Netherlands), ASKAP (Australia), e-MERLIN (UK), VLA (USA), e-EVN (based in Europe), LOFAR (The Netherlands), MeerKAT (South Africa), and the Murchison Widefield Array. Each of these new instruments has different strengths, and coordination of surveys between them can help maximise the science from each of them. A radio continuum survey is being planned on each of them with the primary science objective of understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic time, and the cosmological parameters and large-scale structures which drive it. In pursuit of this objective, the different teams are developing a variety of new techniques, and refining existing ones. To achieve these exciting scientific goals, many technical challenges must be addressed by the survey instruments. Given the limited resources of the global radio-astronomical community, it is essential that we pool our skills and knowledge. We do not have sufficient resources to enjoy the luxury of re-inventing wheels. We face significant challenges in calibration, imaging, source extraction and measurement, classification and cross-identification, redshift determination, stacking, and data-intensive research. As these instruments extend the observational parameters, we will face further unexpected challenges in calibration, imaging, and interpretation. If we are to realise the full scientific potential of these expensive instruments, it is essential that we devote enough resources and careful study to understanding the instrumental effects and how they will affect the data. We have established an SKA Radio Continuum Survey working group, whose prime role is to maximise science from these instruments by ensuring we share resources and expertise across the projects. Here we describe these projects, their science goals, and the technical challenges which are being addressed to maximise the science return.
机译：在平方公里阵列（SKA）项目的前期准备中，世界各地已经在建造几台下一代射电望远镜并进行升级。其中包括APERTIF（荷兰），ASKAP（澳大利亚），e-MERLIN（英国），VLA（美国），e-EVN（欧洲总部），LOFAR（荷兰），MeerKAT（南非）和Murchison Widefield数组。这些新仪器中的每一个都有不同的优势，它们之间的调查协调可以帮助最大程度地利用它们中的科学。正在计划对它们中的每一个进行一次无线电连续性调查，其主要科学目的是了解随着宇宙时间星系的形成和演化，以及驱动它的宇宙学参数和大规模结构。为了实现这一目标，不同的团队正在开发各种新技术，并对现有技术进行改进。为了实现这些令人兴奋的科学目标，调查仪器必须应对许多技术挑战。鉴于全球射电天文界的资源有限，我们必须汇集自己的技能和知识。我们没有足够的资源来享受重新发明轮子的奢侈。我们在校准，成像，源提取和测量，分类和交叉识别，红移确定，堆叠以及数据密集型研究方面面临重大挑战。随着这些仪器扩展观测参数，我们将在校准，成像和解释方面面临进一步的意外挑战。如果要实现这些昂贵仪器的全部科学潜力，至关重要的是，我们必须投入足够的资源和认真研究以了解仪器效果以及它们将如何影响数据。我们已经建立了一个SKA无线电连续谱调查工作组，其主要作用是通过确保我们在各个项目之间共享资源和专业知识来最大程度地利用这些仪器。在这里，我们描述了这些项目，其科学目标以及为最大程度地提高科学回报而要解决的技术难题。

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