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Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review of the Literature on Decision-Making since the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD)

机译：智障人士：《残疾人权利公约》（CRPD）以来有关决策的文献的回顾

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To achieve the basic human right of autonomy, individuals, including those with intellectual disabilities (ID), must be able to practice decision-making, that is, to make their own decisions and communicate these decisions to others. In support of autonomous decision-making, Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD) stresses the right of individuals with disabilities to legal capacity on an equal basis with others.1Supported decision-making approaches may aid individuals with ID in achieving this right. The question remains whether the enactment of the CRPD indeed is translated into opportunities for autonomous and supported decision-making among individuals with ID. In order to examine this question, a systematic review of bibliographic databases since 2008, when the CRPD came into force, was conducted in order to map the current state of decision-making among individuals with ID, and to identify areas in need of improvement. Twenty-seven manuscripts were reviewed, most focusing on decision-making within the fields of residential settings, health care, and sexuality-related decisions. This review showed that difficulties in decision-making in the area of ID remain during the early years after the CRPD entered into effect. These difficulties are related to the individuals with ID themselves, to their caregivers, and to the service system. No working models on supported decision-making for this population were found. The discussion highlights the importance of developing decision-making skills among people with ID, allowing them opportunities for decision-making, training professionals in supported decision-making, and fostering the philosophy of person-centered planning.
机译：为了实现基本的自治权，包括智障人士在内的个人必须能够进行决策，即做出自己的决定并将这些决定传达给他人。为支持自主决策，《联合国残疾人权利公约》（CRPD）第12条强调残疾人在与他人平等的基础上享有法律行为的权利。 1 支持的决策方法可以帮助具有ID的个人实现这一权利。问题仍然在于，《残疾人权利公约》的颁布是否确实转化为有身份的个人进行自主和支持性决策的机会。为了研究这个问题，自2008年CRPD生效以来，对书目数据库进行了系统的审查，以便绘制ID个体之间的决策现状，并确定需要改进的领域。审查了27份手稿，其中大多数集中在居住环境，医疗保健以及与性相关的决定领域内的决策。这项审查表明，在《残疾人权利公约》生效后的最初几年，在ID地区的决策方面仍然存在困难。这些困难与具有ID的个人本身，其照料者以及服务系统有关。找不到针对该人群的支持性决策的工作模型。讨论强调了在ID人群中发展决策技能，为他们提供决策机会，培训专业人员进行决策支持以及树立以人为本的计划哲学的重要性。

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