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首页> 外文期刊>Public Policy and Administration Research >The Theoretical Perspective and Strands of the Social Contract as Espoused in the Works of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau: It’s Effects on the Contemporary Society
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The Theoretical Perspective and Strands of the Social Contract as Espoused in the Works of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau: It’s Effects on the Contemporary Society

机译：霍布斯，洛克和卢梭作品中所体现的社会契约论的理论视角和范围：对当代社会的影响

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It is an undeniable fact that the Social Contract theory developed at the transition period from feudalism to capitalism, whereby the feudal system – which is based on absolutism and the absolute right of kings -- was being fought. The theory came as a means of explaining and justifying the existence of governments, and that government should emerge from the will of the people. It is not, therefore, surprising that in democracies, one hears about the government of the people, by the people and for the people. The Social Contract -- as espoused by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacque Rousseau, as three dynamic thinkers, and also by a few other modern philosophical thinkers -- is a convention between men that aims to discard the proverbial “State of Nature”, whereby people are to live without government or written laws. With his famous phrase, Rousseau, in fact, says it best when he has often been quoted as pointing out that "man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains". Hobbes and Locke agree very much with Rousseau, hence they underscore in unison that modern nations do repress the physical freedom that is our birthright as human beings, and that we do nothing to secure the civil freedom for the sake of which human beings enter into civil society. Contextually, these thinkers have concretely confirmed that legitimate political authority does stem from only a social contract that can be agreed upon by all citizens of a nation for their mutual survival or preservation. Later, the theory became an impetus for as well as reflected in the English Revolution, the French Revolution and the American Revolution, which led to the declaration of American independence.
机译：不可否认的事实是，社会契约论是在从封建主义到资本主义的过渡时期发展起来的，在那里，基于专制和君主绝对权利的封建制度正在被斗争。该理论是作为解释和证明政府存在的一种手段，而政府应从人民的意志中崛起。因此，在民主国家中，人们听到人民统治，人民统治和人民统治的情况就不足为奇了。托马斯·霍布斯（Thomas Hobbes），约翰·洛克（John Locke）和让·雅克·卢梭（Jean Jacque Rousseau）作为三位充满活力的思想家以及其他一些现代哲学思想家所拥护的社会契约，是人类之间的一种约定，旨在摒弃众所周知的“自然状态”。 ，人们可以在没有政府或成文法的情况下生活。实际上，卢梭用他著名的话说最好的一句话是，人们经常引用他指出：“人天生自由，但他无处不在。”霍布斯和洛克非常赞同卢梭，因此他们一致强调现代国家确实压制了作为人类的与生俱来的权利，即物质自由，而且我们没有为确保人类自由而为确保公民自由而做的任何事情。社会。从上下文上讲，这些思想家已具体确认合法的政治权威仅源于一个社会契约，该契约可由一个国家的所有公民为彼此的生存或保存而商定。后来，该理论成为英国革命，法国大革命和美国革命的推动力，并反映了这一点，从而宣告了美国独立。

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